East Slavic:
1. Purely East Slavic characteristics:
a) normal development of semi-vowels - ъ > o, ь > e - before Proto-Slavic sonants ṛ and ḷ like in: górlo, zernó;
b) unique development of Proto-Slavic groups tort, tert, tolt, telt; in East Slavic languages, and only in them, these groups transformed into torot, teret, tolot: Russ. voróna, béreg, molokó;
c) partly unique development of groups tj and dj; in all East Slavic languages they transformed into č or ž: Russ. svečá, mežá;
2. Common East Slavic and South Slavic characteristics:
a) Proto-Slavic groups kvě, gvě > cvě, dzvě (> zvě): Russ: cvet, zvezdá;
b) Proto-Slavic groups tl and dl simplified into l: Russ. górlo, plelá; here we find an exception in Serbo-Croatian and Old Novgorodian dialect where tl and dl are replaced by kl and gl in some words;
c) the so called epenthetic ľ in suffix syllables: Russ. zemľá, ľubľú;
3. Common East Slavic and West Slavic characteristics:
a) suffix -ъmь (> -om, -em) in Instrumental singular of the base -o- stem masculine and neuter (unlike in South Slavic which have -omь);
b) a former suffix -ě in Gentive singular, in Nominative-Accusative plural base -ia- stem and in Accusative plural base -io- stem masculine (unlike in South Slavic which once used the suffix -ę there);
c) vowel a and not u in Nom. sg. part. praep.
1. Purely East Slavic characteristics:
a) normal development of semi-vowels - ъ > o, ь > e - before Proto-Slavic sonants ṛ and ḷ like in: górlo, zernó;
b) unique development of Proto-Slavic groups tort, tert, tolt, telt; in East Slavic languages, and only in them, these groups transformed into torot, teret, tolot: Russ. voróna, béreg, molokó;
c) partly unique development of groups tj and dj; in all East Slavic languages they transformed into č or ž: Russ. svečá, mežá;
2. Common East Slavic and South Slavic characteristics:
a) Proto-Slavic groups kvě, gvě > cvě, dzvě (> zvě): Russ: cvet, zvezdá;
b) Proto-Slavic groups tl and dl simplified into l: Russ. górlo, plelá; here we find an exception in Serbo-Croatian and Old Novgorodian dialect where tl and dl are replaced by kl and gl in some words;
c) the so called epenthetic ľ in suffix syllables: Russ. zemľá, ľubľú;
3. Common East Slavic and West Slavic characteristics:
a) suffix -ъmь (> -om, -em) in Instrumental singular of the base -o- stem masculine and neuter (unlike in South Slavic which have -omь);
b) a former suffix -ě in Gentive singular, in Nominative-Accusative plural base -ia- stem and in Accusative plural base -io- stem masculine (unlike in South Slavic which once used the suffix -ę there);
c) vowel a and not u in Nom. sg. part. praep.
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