Vlado Crnozemski (Macedonian revolutionary)

**Bratot** · 03-29-2010, 08:35 AM

Well.. not every documentary is accurate.

I recomend a book called "History of terrorism" or something like that, as a must read, I'm aware that being a "terrorist" today is not something to be proud of, but somehow while reading this book I was proud that Macedonians were the first who started modern terrorist methods and hold one of the records.

If I come down home I will scan some pages

**Bratot** · 03-29-2010, 08:39 AM

Originally posted by Blagojce View Post

4. Vlado Chernozemski the person who killed the King was depicted as a Croat and never mentioned as being a Macedonian.

The person under this pseudonim was not a Macedonian at all, but Bulgarian, illiterate, assassin working only for money who killed many Macedonian patriots in IMRO.

**Blagojce** · 03-29-2010, 08:53 AM

Originally posted by Bratot View Post

Well.. not every documentary is accurate.

I recomend a book called "History of terrorism" or something like that, as a must read, I'm aware that being a "terrorist" today is not something to be proud of, but somehow while reading this book I was proud that Macedonians were the first who started modern terrorist methods and hold one of the records.

If I come down home I will scan some pages

What do we hold the record for ?

**Daskalot** · 03-29-2010, 08:56 AM

Acts of terrorism I would assume.

**Bratot** · 03-29-2010, 10:53 AM

Originally posted by Blagojce View Post

What do we hold the record for ?

Number of political assassinations in a limited period.

**Bratot** · 03-29-2010, 11:44 AM

I was trying to find this book but I got many same titled books, anyway there is mentioning of Macedonia:

Terrorism, U.S. Strategy, and Reagan Policies

http://books.google.com/books?id=j_YI1kVOrpwC&pg=PA6&dq=terrorism+Macedonian&lr=&ei=I9iwS9SjJ4OGyATgwYyiCA&hl=pl&cd=98#v=onepage&q=terrorism%20Macedonian&f=false

An up-to-date and comprehensive outline of the United States' response to terrorism, this study deals with all aspects of U.S. antiterrorist policy from the military's role in combatting terrorism to the role of international law and organizations in dealing with terrorists. The evolution of U.S. policy and the anti-terrorism bureaucracy and command structure are carefully traced from the establishment by President Nixon of the Cabinet Committee to combat terrorism to President Reagan's signing of National Security Decision Directive 138 sanctioning the use of more aggressive counterterrorist actions, such as the U.S. raid on Libya.

Political Terrorism

http://books.google.com/books?id=QwMdC3hoezEC&pg=PA22&dq=terrorism+Macedonian&lr=&ei=XdawS6vaEYqIzASF3bmyBA&hl=pl&cd=25#v=onepage&q=terrorism%20Macedonian&f=false

This work outlines the important considerations of policy that confront a democratic state in trying to combat terrorism and at the same time remain democratic. Part I of this book, provides the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the definition, history, theory, operation and effects of terrorism as an essential background to policy analysis. Part II analyses counter-terrorist policies. It begins by outlining basic policy choices and then looks at specific policy areas such as the role of intelligence agencies, the use of the armed forces, the development of anti-terrorist legislation and international treaties, and the issue of regulation of media reporting of terrorist incidents. Developments in the strategic dimension of terrorism are discussed in chapters on the importance of hostage takings to international terrorism and issues surrounding state involvement in international terrorism. In the preparation of this second edition, Grant Wardlaw has considerably expanded the second part of the book, focusing firmly upon the international policy consequences of prevalent developments within international terrorism.

Colonialism

http://books.google.com/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC&pg=PA578&dq=terrorism+Macedonian&lr=&ei=-tawS46YCKO0zQS37LXTBw&hl=pl&cd=49#v=onepage&q=terrorism%20Macedonian&f=false

The most exhaustive reference work available on this critical subject in world history, focusing on the politics, economy, culture, and society of both colonizers and colonized."The history of the last 500 years is the history of imperialism," writes editor Melvin Page. In the Americas, as a result of imperialist conquest, disease, famine, and war nearly wiped out a population estimated in the tens of millions. Africa was devastated by the slave trade, an integral part of imperialism from the 1400s to the 1800s. In Asia, even though native populations survived, native political institutions were destroyed. Imperialism also forged the two most important ideologies of the last five centuries--racialism and modern nationalism.In more than 600 essays presented in this three-volume encyclopedia, Page and other leading scholars--historians, political scientists, economists, and sociologists--analyze the origins of imperialism, the many forms it took, and its impact worldwide. They also explore imperialism's bitter legacy: the gross inequities of global wealth and power that divide the former conquerors--primarily Europe, the United States, and Japan--from the people they conquered.600 entries covering ideologies, religions, theory, geography, imperial nations, colonies, colonized regions, ethnic groups, individuals, and treatiesContributions from an international team of academic experts in history, political science, economics, sociology, and other social sciencesA collection of documents representing each imperial power as well as primary sources relating to multiple empires and areas of the world to provide a deeper understanding of the processes of colonialism, which encompassed virtually the entire globeExtensive chronologies of various imperial empires (Austro-Hungarian, Belgian, British, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Ottoman, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Russian, and United States) provide context for the diverse entries

A History of Terrorism

http://books.google.com/books?id=yDL1B_Efoj8C&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=History+of+terrorism+Macedonia&source=bl&ots=_RdCN2CcCk&sig=PFSlimdbB5MGNg72vS5vqvNXyeg&hl=pl&ei=SM6wS_bEA8iQ-Ab414i3DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CA0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Macedonia&f=false

Assassinations, bombings, hijackings, diplomatic kidnappings-terrorism is the most publicized form of political violence. The history of terrorism goes back a very long time, but the very fact that there is such a history has frequently been ignored, even suppressed. This may be because terrorism has not appeared with equal intensity at all times. When terrorism reappeared in the late twentieth century after a period of relative calm, there was the tendency to regard it as a new phenomenon, without precedent. The psychological study of terrorism has never been much in fashion. But this neglect has left a number of crucial questions unanswered. Among these are why some people who share the same convictions turn to terrorism and others do not. What is terrorism's true impact on international politics? What influence might it exert in the future? A History of Terrorism completes Walter Laqueur's pioneering and authoritative study of guerrilla warfare and terrorist activity. He charts the history of political terror from nineteenth-century Europe, through the anarchists of the 1880s and 1890s, the left- and right-wing clashes during the twentieth century, and the multinational operations of Arab and other groups today. Laqueur examines the sociology of terrorism: funding, intelligence gathering, weapons and tactics, informers and countermeasures, and the crucial role of the media. He probes the "terrorist personality" and how terrorists have been depicted in literature and films. The doctrine of systematic terrorism and current interpretations of terrorism, its common patterns, motives, and aims, are unflinchingly faced and clearly explicated. Finally, Laqueur considers the effectiveness of terrorism and examines the ominous possibility of nuclear blackmail. Challenging accepted assumptions, forecasting the changes in terrorist activity that will affect tomorrow's headlines, Walter Laqueur demystifies terrorism without belittling its importance. Together with its companion volume, Guerrilla Warfare, also available from Transaction, A History of Terrorism is an essential tool for assessing and understanding this all-too-often sensationalized modern expression of extreme political action.

Terrorism

http://books.google.com/books?id=vKyzhXA71jEC&pg=PA155&dq=terrorism+Macedonian&lr=&ei=UtWwS4jmCJ_czQS86bSMBw&hl=pl&cd=5#v=onepage&q=terrorism%20Macedonian&f=false

Terrorism is one of the forces defining our age, but it has also been around since some of the earliest civilizations. This one-of-a-kind study of the history of terrorism — from ancient Assyria to the post-9/11 War on Terror — puts terrorism into broad historical, political, religious and social context. The book leads the reader through the shifting understandings and definitions of terrorism through the ages, and its continuous development of themes allows for a fuller understanding of the uses of and responses to terrorism. The study of terrorism is constantly growing and ever changing. In Terrorism: A History, Randall Law gives students and general readers access to this rich field through the most up-to-date research combined with a much-needed long-range historical perspective. He extensively covers jihadism, the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, Northern Ireland and the Ku Klux Klan plus lesser known movements in Uruguay, Algeria and even the pre-modern uses of terror in ancient Rome, medieval Europe and the French Revolution, among other topics.

The New Terrorism

http://books.google.com/books?id=D9cBrS2JiP0C&pg=PA19&dq=terrorism+Macedonian&lr=&ei=UtWwS4jmCJ_czQS86bSMBw&hl=pl&cd=10#v=onepage&q=terrorism%20Macedonian&f=false

Recent attacks in Oklahoma City, at the World Trade Towers, and at American embassies in Africa demonstrate the horrifying consequences of a terrorist strike. But as technological advances make weapons of mass destruction frighteningly easy to acquire, a revolution is occurring in the very nature of terrorism--one that may make these attacks look like child's play. In The New Terrorism Walter Laqueur, one of the foremost experts on terrorism and international strategic affairs, recounts the history of terrorism and, more importantly, examines the future of terrorist activity worldwide. Laqueur traces the chilling trend away from terrorism perpetrated by groups of oppressed nationalists and radicals seeking political change to small clusters of fanatics bent on vengeance and simple destruction. Coinciding with this trend is the alarming availability of weapons of mass destruction. Chemical and biological weapons are cheap and relatively easy to make or buy. Even nuclear devices are increasingly feasible options for terrorists. And with the information age, cyber terrorism is just around the corner. Laqueur argues that as a new quasi-religious extreme right rises, with more personal and less ideological motivations than their left-wing counterparts, it is only a matter of time before the attainability of weapons of mass destruction creates a terrifying and unstable scenario. From militant separatism in Kashmir to state-sponsored extremism in Libya and ecoterrorism in the West, The New Terrorism offers a thorough account of terrorism in all its past and current manifestations. Most importantly, it casts a sober eye to the future, when the inevitable marriage of technology and fanaticism will give us all something new to think about.

Error 404 (Not Found)!!1

http://books.google.com/books?id=iVDDl6xfgfMC&pg=PA114&dq=terrorism+Macedonian&lr=&ei=ztWwS-iyGJa8zgSQ3ZjPBg&hl=pl&cd=18#v=onepage&q=terrorism%20Macedonian&f=false

Inside Terrorism

http://books.google.com/books?id=O6QTfAkk22AC&pg=PA11&dq=terrorism+Macedonian&lr=&ei=ztWwS-iyGJa8zgSQ3ZjPBg&hl=pl&cd=13#v=onepage&q=terrorism%20Macedonian&f=false

Bruce Hoffman's Inside Terrorism has remained a seminal work for understanding the historical evolution of terrorism and the terrorist mindset. In this revised edition of the classic text, Hoffman analyzes the new adversaries, motivations, and tactics of global terrorism that have emerged in recent years, focusing specifically on how al Qaeda has changed since 9/11; the reasons behind its resiliency, resonance, and longevity; and its successful use of the Internet and videotapes to build public support and gain new recruits. Hoffman broadens the discussion by evaluating the potential repercussions of the Iraqi insurgency, the use of suicide bombers, terrorist exploitation of new communications media, and the likelihood of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear terrorist strike. Closer to home, Hoffman reconsiders the Timothy McVeigh case and the threats posed by American Christian white supremacists and abortion opponents as well as those posed by militant environmentalists and animal rights activists. He argues that the attacks on the World Trade Center fundamentally transformed the West's view of the terrorist threat. More relevant and necessary than ever, Inside Terrorism continues to be the definitive work on the history and future of global terrorism.

A History of Terrorism

http://books.google.com/books?id=yDL1B_Efoj8C&pg=PA76&dq=terrorism+Macedonian&lr=&ei=XdawS6vaEYqIzASF3bmyBA&hl=pl&cd=23#v=onepage&q=terrorism%20Macedonian&f=false

Assassinations, bombings, hijackings, diplomatic kidnappings-terrorism is the most publicized form of political violence. The history of terrorism goes back a very long time, but the very fact that there is such a history has frequently been ignored, even suppressed. This may be because terrorism has not appeared with equal intensity at all times. When terrorism reappeared in the late twentieth century after a period of relative calm, there was the tendency to regard it as a new phenomenon, without precedent. The psychological study of terrorism has never been much in fashion. But this neglect has left a number of crucial questions unanswered. Among these are why some people who share the same convictions turn to terrorism and others do not. What is terrorism's true impact on international politics? What influence might it exert in the future? A History of Terrorism completes Walter Laqueur's pioneering and authoritative study of guerrilla warfare and terrorist activity. He charts the history of political terror from nineteenth-century Europe, through the anarchists of the 1880s and 1890s, the left- and right-wing clashes during the twentieth century, and the multinational operations of Arab and other groups today. Laqueur examines the sociology of terrorism: funding, intelligence gathering, weapons and tactics, informers and countermeasures, and the crucial role of the media. He probes the "terrorist personality" and how terrorists have been depicted in literature and films. The doctrine of systematic terrorism and current interpretations of terrorism, its common patterns, motives, and aims, are unflinchingly faced and clearly explicated. Finally, Laqueur considers the effectiveness of terrorism and examines the ominous possibility of nuclear blackmail. Challenging accepted assumptions, forecasting the changes in terrorist activity that will affect tomorrow's headlines, Walter Laqueur demystifies terrorism without belittling its importance. Together with its companion volume, Guerrilla Warfare, also available from Transaction, A History of Terrorism is an essential tool for assessing and understanding this all-too-often sensationalized modern expression of extreme political action.

Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century

http://books.google.com/books?id=7Ro-AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA122&dq=terrorism+Macedonian&lr=&ei=i9ewS4vEDaGEzQTTxNGcDQ&hl=pl&cd=75#v=onepage&q=terrorism%20Macedonian&f=false

Terrorism Versus Democracy

http://books.google.com/books?id=d4hrXMzAgJYC&pg=PA219&dq=terrorism+Macedonian&lr=&ei=i9ewS4vEDaGEzQTTxNGcDQ&hl=pl&cd=76#v=onepage&q=terrorism%20Macedonian&f=false

"Terrorism remains a major problem for many democratic countries and the wider international community. Recent history shows that it would be wrong to underestimate terrorism's potential strategic impact." "Terrorism Versus Democracy examines the problem of liberal democratic response. Is it possible to draw some key lessons from the recent experience of democracies in responding to terrorism? Are democracies fatally disadvantaged in the face of prolonged and ruthless terrorist campaigns? Does the only way to reduce significantly or to end terrorism necessarily involve major curtailments of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law? What are the key ingredients of an effective liberal democratic strategy to deal with terrorism? Is it feasible to develop a response which avoids the dangers of over-reaction and under-reaction undermining the very democracy one is trying to defend, while at the same time effectively protecting the right to life, the most basic of all human rights? All these question and many others are examined in Terrorism Versus Democracy." "This book is aimed not only at academia but also at a wider readership including policy-markers, legislators, and the law-enforcement and security professions as well as members of the general public in all democratic countries."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

I suggest you chcek all of this books and look for more.

**Bratot** · 03-29-2010, 12:06 PM

Beside the one controversial term the rest is worth reading:

The History of Terrorism

http://books.google.com/books?id=YmpfgNqmVXYC&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=History+of+terrorism+Macedonia&source=bl&ots=oLN0tzaUet&sig=rw9AzFGgA794dbXffxlvZKSnn60&hl=pl&ei=SM6wS_bEA8iQ-Ab414i3DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CCcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=&f=false

**Big Bad Sven** · 06-14-2010, 10:51 PM

Originally posted by Prolet View Post

Mara Buneva? LOL

She killed a Serbian Nachalnik and all of the sudden she is a national hero? Vlado Crnozemski these people are not national heros.

Im not too sure about Mara Buneva, but Vlado Crnozemski is a national hero in my opinion. He was one of the only shining lights in macedonia in the 1930's for hope and was very important not just to macedonian history but world history as well.

Plus there is famous old macedonian folk song about him which is very popular:

YouTube - Slushaj bre kralu : Music of Macedonia

**Prolet** · 06-15-2010, 12:00 AM

BBS, But you cant put him on the same ranks as Goce Delcev,Pitu Guli,Dame Gruev,Jane Sandanski,Aleksandar Makedonski,Filip II,Chento etc

He's not worthy enough to be put in our national anthem thats for sure.

**Big Bad Sven** · 06-15-2010, 12:38 AM

Originally posted by Prolet View Post

BBS, But you cant put him on the same ranks as Goce Delcev,Pitu Guli,Dame Gruev,Jane Sandanski,Aleksandar Makedonski,Filip II,Chento etc

He's not worthy enough to be put in our national anthem thats for sure.

I never said that he should be put on the national anthem, but he is one of our national heroes i believe.

**Bratot** · 06-15-2010, 03:42 AM

Originally posted by Da Zhive IMRO View Post

how bout mara buneva, vlado chernozemski, or the miladinov's? or izgrai zora?

Originally posted by Prolet View Post

Mara Buneva? LOL

She killed a Serbian Nachalnik and all of the sudden she is a national hero? Vlado Crnozemski these people are not national heros.

Originally posted by Big Bad Sven View Post

Im not too sure about Mara Buneva, but Vlado Crnozemski is a national hero in my opinion. He was one of the only shining lights in macedonia in the 1930's for hope and was very important not just to macedonian history but world history as well.

Plus there is famous old macedonian folk song about him which is very popular:

If we try to "mention" all those who died and worked for Macedonia, I doubt we could fit them all in a regular anthem.

Honestly, Mara Buneva did nothing for the cause nor her motives are clear, I would say it's an ordinary person used today as a propaganda tool by the Bulgarians.

We should tend honouring those persons characterized with pure cause devotion and symbolize the Macedonian strive for unification, freedom and a national prosperity.

Vlado Cernozemski was not Macedonian, this is not even his real name as he obtained couple of them working as a assassin for Vanco Mihajlov, he is directly responsible for killing couple of Macedonian revolutionaries such as Gjorche Petrov.

He was trained killer with cold blood, pure Bulgarian, born in Bulgaria and certainly his assassination of the Serbian King in Paris was celebrated in Macedonia and not only, but also in the other countries under his regime such as Bosnia, Croatia and this was not only aimed against the Serbian regime but also in cooperation with Nazi German and Faschist Italian connections through Crotian Ustashi movement and Mihajlovist VMRO in order to kill not only the Serbian King who was more as collateral damage in the priority of killing the french ministeur I think as to break the agreement of non-arming Hitler's Germany.

The French was the main target, as a common work of all nazi structures and later allies - Germany, Italy, Croatia and Bulgaria.

The common people the peasant never really knew nor care who this person was - Cernozemski, all they were thankful is killing of the Serbian Tyran of King, that's why from their long suffering under his regime have honored Cernozemski with a song, but from nowadays perspective without blaming them for anything, Cernozemski was enemy of Macedonians same as rest of the Vrhovist and Serb chetniks working against our national movement.

That's why I urge better consult more history arguments before ending in such unpleasant absurd of celebrating our own murderer.

Originally posted by Risto the Great View Post

Macedonia is much more than the "Krushevo Republic" .... it definitely needs changing!

Of course, that was result of the Socialist idealogy to celebrate the victory in 2 WW and componing an anthem in a politically subjective climate, excluding persons as Nikola Karev even though was a President of the Krushevo Republic and replaced with the Vlach - Pitu Guli, without mentioning many other historically significant persons such as Samoil, Kiril&Metodij, Kliment&Naum, Karposh etc. etc.

**Big Bad Sven** · 06-15-2010, 04:29 AM

Originally posted by Bratot View Post

If we try to "mention" all those who died and worked for Macedonia, I doubt we could fit them all in a regular anthem.

Honestly, Mara Buneva did nothing for the cause nor her motives are clear, I would say it's an ordinary person used today as a propaganda tool by the Bulgarians.

We should tend honouring those persons characterized with pure cause devotion and symbolize the Macedonian strive for unification, freedom and a national prosperity.

Vlado Cernozemski was not Macedonian, this is not even his real name as he obtained couple of them working as a assassin for Vanco Mihajlov, he is directly responsible for killing couple of Macedonian revolutionaries such as Gjorche Petrov.

He was trained killer with cold blood, pure Bulgarian, born in Bulgaria and certainly his assassination of the Serbian King in Paris was celebrated in Macedonia and not only, but also in the other countries under his regime such as Bosnia, Croatia and this was not only aimed against the Serbian regime but also in cooperation with Nazi German and Faschist Italian connections through Crotian Ustashi movement and Mihajlovist VMRO in order to kill not only the Serbian King who was more as collateral damage in the priority of killing the french ministeur I think as to break the agreement of non-arming Hitler's Germany.

The French was the main target, as a common work of all nazi structures and later allies - Germany, Italy, Croatia and Bulgaria.

The common people the peasant never really knew nor care who this person was - Cernozemski, all they were thankful is killing of the Serbian Tyran of King, that's why from their long suffering under his regime have honored Cernozemski with a song, but from nowadays perspective without blaming them for anything, Cernozemski was enemy of Macedonians same as rest of the Vrhovist and Serb chetniks working against our national movement.

That's why I urge better consult more history arguments before ending in such unpleasant absurd of celebrating our own murderer.

Of course, that was result of the Socialist idealogy to celebrate the victory in 2 WW and componing an anthem in a politically subjective climate, excluding persons as Nikola Karev even though was a President of the Krushevo Republic and replaced with the Vlach - Pitu Guli, without mentioning many other historically significant persons such as Samoil, Kiril&Metodij, Kliment&Naum, Karposh etc. etc.

Yes I know all about that stuff about Crnozemski, still doesn�t change my opinion about him. Just because he was working for the VMRO that came under Mihailov�s control doesn�t mean he was a Bulgarian slav. For a lot of Macedonians the Pirin �state within a state� scenario in Bulgaria was the only tool and method good Macedonians could use to continue the fight of preserving Macedonian culture. No every one in that organisation was a Bulgarian or bugaroman. I believe it was because of their actions and promotion of the idea of a Macedonian state and people it helped the Macedonians in Pirin, vardar and Aegean fight on and combat the forced assimilation and remember that they are Macedonian.
Ivan Mihailov was a bastard bugaroman and evil man, but again not everyone involved in the pirin region were like him.

We don�t know a lot about Vlado Crnozemski and his origins except that he was born in Bulgaria. That could mean anything to tell you the truth especially that a lot of people from the entire Macedonian region left Macedonia in the last years of the ottoman empire because of war and terrorism. Perhaps his family originated from Macedonia and fled to Bulgaria, perhaps this explains his passion towards Macedonia. I am just assuming these things.

Anyway lets say he was a ethnic �Bulgar�, it still doesn�t matter in my opinion. If we look at some of Croatia�s national hero�s they are not even Croatian or born in Croatia. Laval Nugent von Westmeath was a Irishman that �became� croat and is seen as a national croat hero. Josip Frank was another national croat hero but was a jew. August �enoa is another �famous� croat whose family is of Czech and Slovak background and migrated to Croatia.

You also can look at the modern �greeks�, all of their �heroes� in the �Greek struggle for Macedonia� mainly didn�t come from the Macedonian region but from Cyprus, Asia and other parts of Grease.

Pitu Guli and Jordan Piperkata were not �ethnically� Macedonian but you cant question their will and desire for the Macedonian cause, and call them Macedonian heroes.

You mentioned something about Crnozemski killing Macedonians, the only one I can find some information on is Crnozemski killing Dimo Hadzhidimov. Do you have any info on Vlado assassinating Gjorche Petrov? Again this doesn�t bother me too much because as you know Macedonian history is riddled with Macedonians killing each other. Even some of the Illenden revolutionary�s didn�t like each other and plotted against each other.

I think Mara Buneva is a ethnic Macedonian and a brave woman, but may have been mislead or used by the vile Bulgarian slavs.

Anyway I will continue to look at Crnozemski as a Macedonian patriot/�terrorist�/assassin just like how we always have and just how most western scholars/sources view him as a Macedonian

**Bratot** · 06-15-2010, 05:26 AM

I don't like to be compared with Greeks or Bulgarians and to use the history as they do.

Privately you may honor anyone you like, but an anthem do need seriosness.

"Tреперете тирани и поробители на Македониjа! Духот на Хаџидимов денес одново лебди и застрашува засекогаш да го сруши вашиот режим и над неговите рушевини да воскресне слободна и независна Македониjа!"

("Димо Хаджи Димов", в. "Македонски Глас", 2, Буенос Айрес, Октомври 1935, стр. 1-2).

На 9.02.1934 в Солун, по идея на френския външен министър Луи Барту, е създаден Балканският пакт –
военно-политически съюз на Гърция, Румъния, Турция и Югославия, насочен срещу България.

That was another reason of assassinating Loui Bartou.

АТЕНТАТИ ЈА ОДБЕЛЕЖАЛЕ МАКЕДОНСКА БОРБА

Откако Черноземски му завршил многу крвави задачи, Михајлов му го позајмил на Анте Павелиќ за да го убие српскиот крал. На 15 јули 1932 година го повикал и му рекол: ’Сега одиш кај нашите браќа, Хрвати. Борбата е иста само различен е фронтот. Непријателот е истиот.“

Атентатот во Марсеј бил извршен на 9 октомври 1934 година. Черноземски покрај кралот го убил и францускиот министер за надворешни работи Луј Барту. Притоа бил убиен и Черноземски. Француски полицаец го исекол со сабја. Французите дознале дека атентаторот е терорист на Михајлов по черепот и четирите букви ВМРО истетовирани на неговото тело.

http://www.globusmagazin.com.mk/?ItemID=DF94DB840AAA3D4882C6DD448838E4CF

**Big Bad Sven** · 06-15-2010, 06:14 AM

Originally posted by Bratot View Post

I don't like to be compared with Greeks or Bulgarians and to use the history as they do.

Privately you may honor anyone you like, but an anthem do need seriosness.

"Tреперете тирани и поробители на Македониjа! Духот на Хаџидимов денес одново лебди и застрашува засекогаш да го сруши вашиот режим и над неговите рушевини да воскресне слободна и независна Македониjа!"

("Димо Хаджи Димов", в. "Македонски Глас", 2, Буенос Айрес, Октомври 1935, стр. 1-2).

На 9.02.1934 в Солун, по идея на френския външен министър Луи Барту, е създаден Балканският пакт –
военно-политически съюз на Гърция, Румъния, Турция и Югославия, насочен срещу България.

That was another reason of assassinating Loui Bartou.

АТЕНТАТИ ЈА ОДБЕЛЕЖАЛЕ МАКЕДОНСКА БОРБА

Откако Черноземски му завршил многу крвави задачи, Михајлов му го позајмил на Анте Павелиќ за да го убие српскиот крал. На 15 јули 1932 година го повикал и му рекол: ’Сега одиш кај нашите браќа, Хрвати. Борбата е иста само различен е фронтот. Непријателот е истиот.“

Атентатот во Марсеј бил извршен на 9 октомври 1934 година. Черноземски покрај кралот го убил и францускиот министер за надворешни работи Луј Барту. Притоа бил убиен и Черноземски. Француски полицаец го исекол со сабја. Французите дознале дека атентаторот е терорист на Михајлов по черепот и четирите букви ВМРО истетовирани на неговото тело.

http://www.globusmagazin.com.mk/?Ite...C6DD448838E4CF

Vlado Crnozemski did not kill the French politician. It has been revealed that he died to being shot accidently by the french guards. Vlado's main intentions seem to be only the Yugoslavian king and the driver of the car.

Vlado Crnozemski entered Vardar macedonia and battled with serbian authorities numerous times even before the french minister went to Thessaloniki to sign a pact with the other balkan nations to go against bulgaria.

Vlado Crnozemski wanted to cause a scene in the Leauge of Nations in paris in 1927 so that the wordl could know of the oppression of the macedonians.

My belief, which also is backed by many sources, is that he along with his group Killed the yugoslav king and attacked serbian and greek authorities because of the poor treatment of the macedonians - not because of France's policies.

Why did Alexander die?

The newsreel reports that the trigger in Marseilles was pulled by "a Croat terrorist, bound by a blood oath." Again, the sense given is of a man cut down by primordial forces at work in his own neighborhood. Over the next few days of media coverage, though, a different story emerged. On the assassin's body a Czech passport was found, identifying him as Petrus Kalemen. Nationality was less clear: was he Croat? Or was he Czech, or Hungarian? Before that discussion had subsided, it was reported that the passport was forged, and attention then turned to a more permanent mark of identification, a tattoo on his left arm. Although different details were given, all agreed it included a skull and crossbones and some capital letters. A Yugoslav journalist who saw the tattoo told the press corps it was the symbol of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization: fingerprints were sent from Paris and Sofia to Belgrade, and on October 17 it was officially announced that the killer was Vlado Chernozemski, Mihailov's former right-hand man. A number of other individuals were arrested in France and charged as accomplices: all were Croats, and when they were interrogated, the plot thickened further. Ante Pavelic, the head of a Croatian nationalist and terrorist group known as the Ustashe, was implicated. The Macedonian connection was complemented by assertions of Hungarian complicity: allegedly, the killers had trained there before the camps had been closed down.

Yugoslavia issued charges against Hungary. In defense, Hungary's foreign minister Tibor Eckhardt pointed to Yugoslavia's internal woes, where at least some Croats and Macedonians nursed resentment at their second-class status and Serbian oppression. Eckhardt further asserted that Alexander's death sentence was passed not in Hungary, but in Croat communities such as those in Buenos Aires and Youngstown Ohio (Chicago Daily Tribune December 8 pp.1-2: Eckhardt 1964:164). Lastly, he launched a counter-attack, indicating the much stronger evidence of Italian involvement which Yugoslavia, and her West European allies, appeared to be ignoring. Other sources also cast the net of conspiracy further. The Daily Mail on October 12 carried a story that what the assassinations in Marseilles confirmed was the existence of a murder plot to destroy peace in Europe. The violent deaths of Alexander and Barthou were the successors to those of Ion Duca, Rumanian leader killed by right-wingers, and Dolfuss, chancellor of Austria, victim of Nazi thugs. The story speculated that Titulescu, Rumanian foreign minister, might be next.4 Newspapers in the internationally governed Saar region of Germany and in Russia accused Hitler's Nazi R�gime of involvement--a line taken up after the Second World War in East Germany, where researchers claimed the existence of a plan code-named Teutonschwert. (Thorndike, Thorndike and Roddatz 1959).5

The mix of rumor and hard evidence regarding criminal conspiracy was further complicated by allegations that the negligence of the French police was not accidental, but the product of planning. Potentially embarrassing too was the discrepancy between the number and direction of shots fired by the assailant, and the number of civilian spectators killed or wounded by gunfire: some officers, it appeared, panicked and fired into the crowd.6 Italy and Germany did not cooperate in the investigation. Neither Britain, where appeasers remained powerful, nor France where the strongly anti-German Barthou was replaced by Pierre Laval, mustered the political will to challenge their recalcitrance. The small fry who had been captured in France all served some prison time, and Hungary was censured. No further efforts were made to delve too deeply into an issue, which many saw as a flashpoint that might spark a new war in Europe. And so the causes for Alexander's death were pinned on the local squabbling that he and other Balkan leaders had been striving to end.

http://www.watsoninstitute.org/pub_detail.cfm?ID=132

Although he announced the end of the dictatorship in 1931 and proclaimed a new constitution, he kept power in his own hands. His authoritarian and centralizing policy brought him the hatred of the separatist minorities, particularly the Croats and Macedonians, as well as the opposition of Serbian liberals

Alexander (king Of Yugoslavia) | Encyclopedia.com

http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Alexander_(king_of_Yugoslavia).aspx

Alexander, 1888–1934, king of Yugoslavia (1921–34), son and successor of Peter I [1]. Of the Karadjordjević family, he was educated in Russia and became crown prince of Serbia upon the renunciation (1909) of the succession by his brother George.

Vlado Crnozemski (Macedonian revolutionary)

Vlado Crnozemski (Macedonian revolutionary)

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