Origins of Albanian language and ethnos

[Carlin]

URL:

https://www.scribd.com/document/104968979/Stewen-Runciman-Constantine-Porphyrogenitus-and-His-World

URL:

https://books.google.ca/books?id=xfV0LkMNaLUC&pg=PA32&dq=Treadgold+Khurramites&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlq-PAvL_fAhWc0YMKHXa9BPgQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Treadgold%20Khurramites&f=false

[Carlin]

Albanians (Αλβανοί), name of an Italian nation

[Carlin]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4pYiStgH24

[Carlin]

I never heard of this theory before.

[Liberator of Makedonija]

The Republic of Mirdita, proclaimed by Catholic Ghegs in 1921:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Mirdita

[Carlin]

According to iGENEA tests, 20% of Albanians have Illyrian roots - this component is much smaller than in Bosnia or in Croatia (Pazos 2008b). That's not all... According to the same studies the Albanians carry Y-haplogroup R1A, which is linked to Slavic roots. As an interesting comparison, the Serbs have less R1A than the Albanians.

FYI - Above comes from the book "Language and Nationalism" by Snjezana Kordic.

URL:

http://www.znaci.net/00002/420.pdf

Albanians may or may not have more R1a than Serbs (on paternal lineage). I do agree that genetic tests can't 'detect' Illyrians so far - the same goes for all other peoples, ancient or modern. I'm not sure if it would be all that accurate (in some cases) to associate certain haplogroups with specific 'ethnicities' either.

In general, the genetic tests prove that every nation is mixture of different elements or haplogroup 'components'. Also, on an individual level, we are all a mixture of (likely) many different elements - that we are not even aware of.

[tchaiku]

According to iGENEA tests, 20% of Albanians have Illyrian roots - this component is much smaller than in Bosnia or in Croatia (Pazos 2008b). That's not all... According to the same studies the Albanians carry Y-haplogroup R1A, which is linked to Slavic roots. As an interesting comparison, the Serbs have less R1A than the Albanians.

Albanians do not have more R1a than Serbs:

https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_R1a_Y-DNA.shtml

I don't think genetic tests, so far, can verify Illyrians.

[maco2envy]

Y-DNA isn't really important. Think of your ancestry as binary tree with you at the root, Y-DNA represents a single path (paternal lineage) in a huge tree. It's pretty insignificant. Although it is interesting to note that people in the Balkans have a close to uniform spread of Y-DNA haplogroups i.e it's very diverse with respect to Y-DNA compared to other regions.

Although the iGENEA genetic tests are autosomal which is generally accepted to be the best for analysis in population genetics.

[Carlin]

According to iGENEA tests, 20% of Albanians have Illyrian roots - this component is much smaller than in Bosnia or in Croatia (Pazos 2008b). That's not all... According to the same studies the Albanians carry Y-haplogroup R1A, which is linked to Slavic roots. As an interesting comparison, the Serbs have less R1A than the Albanians.

[Carlin]

Find by RTG:
http://www.macedoniantruth.org/forum...&postcount=165

[Carlin]

Donald M. Nicol, The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages (Cambridge University Press, 1984)

[Nicol, Despotate, 101] 71: Cantac. ii. 32:I, p. 495, who also records Albanian attacks on the fortresses of Kleisoura, Skreparion and Timoron near Berat. Marino Sanudo writes of damaging Albanian incursions into Thessaly and in terras Vallone Belgradi et Thessalone subiectas imperatori Graecurum in 1327. A. Cerlini, “Nuove lettere di Marino Sanudo il vecchio,” La Bibliofilia, XLII (1940), 350-1.

[Nicol, Despotate, 104] Before he left Thessaly, the emperor received a deputation from Albanian immigrants, of whom there were by now about 12.000. They lived mainly in the mountains and came down to the plains only for the winter months.

[Nicol, Despotate, 108-110] In 1337 the emperor received alarming reports from his officers in the western provinces. The Albanians in the district between Balagrita and Kanina had again risen in rebellion, in spite of the privileges which the emperor had recently granted them. […] The emperor therefore wisely engaged a force of some two thousand Turkish infantry kindly supplied, at a price, by his friend Umur, the Turkish emir of Aydin. In the spring of 1338 he led them, together with his own army, into what Gregoras calls Illyria. He made his headquarters at Berat. The Albanians were caught unawares, not by the attack but by the nature of the attackers. They had expected a cavalry force and had taken to their hills and hiding places. But the Turkish bowmen, being light-armed and agile, soon found their way among the mountains. […] The local people who had suffered so much from the Albanian bandits were delighted to see such punishment being inflicted on them.

[Carlin]

Arnautaši theory

The term Arnautaši (from Arnauti, a historical Turkish term for Albanians) was coined by 19th century Serbian historians and by that term they meant "Albanized Serbs" (Serbs who had converted to Islam and went through a process of Albanisation). Also, British historian Harold Temperley also considered "Arnauts" as "Albanised Serbs". The term used by Serbian nationalist historiography attributed most to some Albanians from Kosovo but also to Northern Albanians (Ghegs) and was used by some Serbian nationalists to explain the large numbers of Albanians in Kosovo in that migrations of Albanians from Northern Albania was the migration of Serbs to another place and not of a different people. While the theory that acquired its maximal form by nationalist Serb writers Spiridon Gopčević and Miloš Milojević became popular among some Serb historians, Western based historians dismiss it on grounds that had the population been Serbian in Northern Albania, when and how did the process of Albanianisation occur in the first place.

Orahovac

At the end of the 19th century, writer Branislav Nušić claimed that the Serb poturice (converts to Islam) of Orahovac began speaking Albanian and marrying Albanian women. Similar claims were put forward by Jovan Hadži Vasiljević (l. 1866-1948), who claimed that when he visited Orahovac in World War I, he could not distinguish Orthodox from Islamicized and Albanized Serbs. According to him they spoke Serbian, wore the same costumes, but claimed Serbian, Albanian or Turk ethnicity. The Albanian starosedeoci (natives/old families) were Slavophone; they did not speak Albanian but a Slavic dialect (naš govor, "our language") at home. An Austrian Joseph Muller who visited the area (19th century) wrote that the dialect originated from the time of the Serbian uprising (1804) against the Ottomans when Albanians from Shkodër who had resettled around Valjevo and Kraljevo in central Serbia, left after those events for Orahovac. The corpus of Bulgarian terminology in the dialect was unaccounted for by Muller.

In the 1921 census, the majority of Muslim Albanians of Orahovac were registered under the category "Serbs and Croats", based on linguistic criteria.

Mark Krasniqi, the Kosovo Albanian ethnographer, recalled in 1957: "During my own research, some of them told me that their tongue is similar to Macedonian rather than Serbian (it is clear that they want to dissociate themselves from everything Serbian). It is likely they are the last remnants of what is now known in Serbian sources as 'Arnautaši', Islamicised and half-way Albanianised Slavs."

Janjevo

In 1922, Henry Baerlein noted that the Austrians had for thirty years tried to Albanianize the Janjevo population (see also Janjevci).

Romani

The Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians, who share culture, traditions and the Albanian language, are of Romani origin.

URL:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanisation

[Liberator of Makedonija]

The Republic of Mirdita, formed by Catholic Ghegs in Prizren in 1921 in an effort to secede from what they saw as a Islamocentric Albanian state which was run by "Turks"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Mirdita

[Carlin]

The names of Vlachs, who were killed during the National Liberation Anti-fascist War of Albania (1939-44), or fell in the line of duty, such as:

o Kushi, Vojo (1918-42): Legendary commander of guerrilla units during the first years of the National Liberation Anti-fascist War (1939-44), who, along with three other partisans, fell heroically in clashes with Italian fascist forces, on October 7, 1942, at a place called 'Red Hill' (Tirana). Hero of Homeland.
o Poçi, Anthony Jorgji (1926-44): Legendary partisan of the National Liberation Anti-fascist War (1939-44), who fell heroically in the village of Lazarat (Gjirokastra), in clashes with numerous enemy forces. Martyr of Homeland.
o Spiru, Nako (1918-47): Prominent leader during both the National Liberation Anti-fascist War (1939-44), and the early years of the post-liberation period, who was killed just for certain political purposes by Secret Service of Albanian Communist State, on November 20, 1947. Honor of Homeland.
o Trasha, Vasil (1926-58): Legendary aviator, who fell in the line of duty on March 23, 1958, while flying over the hills of the village of Fier-Shegan (Lushnje). Martyr of Homeland.
o Tutulani Kristaq (1919-43): Legendary partisan of the National Liberation Anti-fascist War (1939-44), who was brutally executed by Italian fascists in the village of Gosë (Kavaja), on July 6, 1943. Hero of Homeland.
o Tutulani Margarita (1924-43): Legendary partisan of the National Liberation Anti-fascist War (1939-44), who was brutally executed by Italian fascists in the village of Gosë (Kavaja), on July 6, 1943. Hero of Homeland.

[Carlin]

URLs:

http://www.jstor.org/stable/290422?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

http://www.jstor.org/stable/409804?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents