Ancient Macedonian Medicine and Modern Medicine

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  • The LION will ROAR
    Senior Member
    • Jan 2009
    • 3231

    Ancient Macedonian Medicine and Modern Medicine

    Ancient Macedonian Medicine and Modern Medicine

    Тешко е да се говори за една наука доколку не доволно се знае нејзината преродба, а уште помалку зачетоците.


    Google Translator :-

    Retrospective links between ancient Macedonian medicine and modern medicine

    Abstract

    It is difficult to speak of a science if it is not enough to know its revival, much less beginnings. Today we talked about medicine, without having to consider its development and existence of other social periods of human existence, not immediately associated with the current modern medicine.

    It is known that ancient forms the basis of modern medicine, but who she is and where they originated very little studied. It is known that during the ancient peoples studied and practiced medicine. Especially in the IV century BC, the Macedonian State ancient philosophy and medicine were at the highest level in that period. At that time there were more philosophical and medical schools, such as: Pitagorejska Miletska Elejska stoic, epicurean and others. According to sources from ancient records (Angelina Markus) Aristotle Asklipio, Hippocrates, Plato, and other English philosophers of that period succeeded then Medicine and Pharmacy to them along with philosophy. So that knowledge of anatomy and treatment was high in line with philosophical and scientific knowledge. Diagnosis, surgery, pharmacy and medical therapy were still in that period, which is evident from sequence records and medical equipment and devices.

    When it comes to Macedonia is not considered only current Republic. Macedonia, but think about all the current Balkan countries that were part of that kingdom.

    INTRODUCTION

    Aristotle was born in the reign of Amyntas, whose father Nicholas was a royal physician in Pella, grew along with Philip II. At that time the City Olynthus mother and Stariga city father, were very uncertain of frequent robberies that made Athens sailors-pirates. Aristotle education (Fig. 1) either by royal libraries around the country and knowledge of nature and medicine had been transmitted from generation to generation. Since the early age of аристократското family that for generations were doctors and who served Macedonian kings' transporting science, medicine and tradition. At that time, philosophers have royal descent, such as: Heraclitus, Democritus, Empedocles, Pythagoras, Hippocrates and many other coins and statues of their heads had royal stripes as with Philip and other kings to Perseus and the gods: Apollo, Asklepie Artemis, Orpheus, Heracles and others. It tells us that Aristotle was loved not only by kings and philosophers but also with many gods meant for Macedonia. From that point he had sufficient funds and support for the performance of many research projects that have made significant gains in the development of world science and medicine. He was directly supported by Philip II, and later by Alexander. According to archeological findings found ancient Macedonians laid ceramic wet piles into the ground, and then nafatenite fungi (Bug) used as penicillin, birch bark was used as aspirin, opium poppy was used as a means of reducing pain and as a symbol transition from consciousness to the unconscious dying, opium gently opival mind and pain in childbirth.

    Alexander imperial doctors have been an integral part of the phalanx and Macedonian science which was spread around the world, in Babylon and Egypt to Tibet feels Macedonian impact in medicine and even more in Europe by the VIII century when monasteries emerged from the yoke of ekolastikata science and began to make hospitals as they were asklepijadite through Macedonian royal cities in antiquity. Disease in all people and all continents are identical and each novelty quickly embraced. World Medicine and `oddolzhila Macedonian science by accepting many Macedonian insignia. One of them is the sign of the world's pharmacy snake coiled rod Asklepio (Fig. 3) and the medical oath of Hippocrates, as royal physician wrote in the court of the Macedonian kings.


    aristotel-hipokrat-asklepio

    Hippocratic Oath extended family around the world Hippocrates, son Thessalo Draco and groom Polib all prominent imperial doctors phalanx. As Asklepio with family and Hippocrates (fig. 2) strengthen medical oath two and a half thousand years around the world. What Aristotle as tutor of Philip and Alexander is the philosophy and the sciences, the same meaning has Hippocrates in medicine. That Aristotle as a member of a medical family has done for medicine, as Hippocrates surrounded by many scientists has merit and in philosophy. All prominent people in any era complemented by greater success in scientific achievements. So countless celebrities at that time worked with Aristotle and Hippocrates. Still outnumber those who have found a place in Alexandria, scientific Treasury Macedonian culture, under the direct support of the Macedonian royal dynasty Ptolemy for three hundred years.

    It is known that Hippocrates was born in Kos 460 d. before Christ lived and worked in the territory of Macedonia and died in Larissa at 370 g. He was born in a medical family of mother and father Heraklid Fenereta. Father Heraklid and grandfather were Hippocrates doctors transporting medical tradition of generations, transmitted from generation to generation, as well as the names of the grandfather's nephew, as well as the royal lineages of Philip V, Alexander IV, Cleopatra VII, Ptolemy XIX, Constantine XIII and other of Macedonian royal lineages and groups, spanning thousands of years. Hippocrates was constantly surrounded by many prominent people as Democritus at Abdera, sophist and orator George Larissa and others. For sure know that Hippocrates stayed in Pella 10 years during Perdiccas, Archelaus and Amyntas, where between 380 and 370 g. BC he wrote and oath, and were close friends' Euripides and Agathon and Socrates well knew. So that his personality is built in the family with the royal families and the Macedonian intelligence from the end of the fifth century until the middle of the IV century BC. He was traveling with the royal families and healed, and he came from a royal family, so the money was approved scales with the character. During the Peloponnesian Wars, Pythagoras, Anaksagora Democritus Herakrit Empedocles all major English philosophers stood away from Athens, creating works notable not only for Macedonia but for the entire world. At that time Athens Macedonian philosopher who went there or were executed or expelled, for example, Fidie, Socrates, Pythagoras, and many others who stayed to work in Macedonia (Marcus 2005).

    MATERIAL AND METHODS

    Hippocrates miraculously fit in the philosophy of medicine, it is known that he wrote 50 books containing notes that poddredil each individual way of a general principle. Treatment 'approaching rationally in accordance with the degree of knowledge of the natural laws of the time. Philosophy paragraph cosmic connection to the world a profound impression Hippocrates. Based on the four elements he built and their interpretation in medicine. In written works had a history of illness, plots, themes, and other medical written material. Some of them have been lost or destroyed to hide its meaning burned Asklepijada with hospital documentation and medical library by Hippocrates in Kos, and Alexandria. Some of the important Hipokratovi deeds mention "sacred disease" (epilepsy), other important works are mentioned: "air, water and earth," he here points out the role of air, water and soil pollution on human health. He wrote a book on epidemic diseases in which pointed to the spread of cholera and other diseases through air, water and food. Written works, including: "Prognostika", "dietetics", "Lakonika", "Fractures" and a collection of aphorisms as output from stegnatoto Indoor opinion, led to the rapid development of science and medicine. Introduced monitoring of symptoms so that logical analysis can accurately determine, assess and take therapy to the disease. The island of Thassos epidemic observed 42 patients examined psychophysical constitution sick from malaria, night blindness, acute fever and other diseases around the country and the province of Thessaly. Thus, he was wholly sympathetic to science and medicine. Among his works, perhaps "Three hearings" interesting surgery. They Hippocrates described the diagnosis, surgery and the type of fracture or исчашување.

    His surgical methods in the treatment applied more than 1000 years. His surgical instruments were used even longer. Today they are displayed in many museums around the world (Fig. 4).



    Figure 4. Medical surgical instruments from the time of Hippocrates

    In Hippocrates more prominent studies of the external organs, bones and muscles, which could be treated through surgery for the wounded and sick with severe physical symptoms. In connection with that well described the work of the heart, spleen, liver, but not blood vessels, nerves and brain. No sekciranje forecast compiled, as well as the history of the disease with observations in hospitals with good hygiene organization. According to him, life keeps heat with the center of the heart. It changes the food in the body juices. Heat depends on the supply of air (oxygen) in the blood through movement. Centers for opinions, feelings, desires in the brain, you feel motion commands are transmitted pneumatic. In Hippocrates observed dislocation brain kortifikacija some of the psychic functions partially transmitted to the heart, but above all, because of the natural heat of the heart be approached as the center of life. Aristotle heart and a similar understanding. Hippocrates and his doctors, diseases are explained in accordance with his position distorted harmony bodily juices, which in some intervals, for three or seven days alone stabilize if not recidiraat. The strength and value of Hipoktratovata medicine in clinical practice. The disease is estimated with all styles depends on the conclusion of each person individually. In this process, three factors have a significant role: the disease, the patient and the doctor when you find a place, the disease will be overcome, if a person is struggling, and the doctor helps to balance the body with healing.

    The long observation practice made inventories of diseases such as pneumonia, pleurisy, malaria, tetanus, paralysis, apoplexy, rheumatism, cysts, hysteria and other diseases that she is still being found in Macedonia. For all these diseases there are excellent descriptions of their recognition. Some appear to this day bear the name of Hippocrates: digits Hipokratika facies Hipokratika mtra Hipokratika Neo-Hipoktratizam as a movement of the twentieth century that ancient overall medical science.

    Drug treatments are mentioned around 300, although their application was significantly smaller. Physical therapy was more pronounced. Used baths, compresses, massages, tanning, putting blood, weak narcotics, easy diet soups, honey, wine, milk, diet for health.

    Was outstanding surgical therapy. In the postoperative treatment of amputations, open skull fitting joints imbolizacija and bandaging until today preserved the same methods and techniques. That goes for dental treatment and teeth extraction.

    To so rich theoretical and practical preserved medical material applied in Asklepijadite before and after Hippocrates, increases the importance and ethical area, the morale of doctors.

    The tradition of royal physician in Macedonia and itinerant doctors, flawlessly organized and the conquered countries, especially Rome, where contact with the Macedonian medicine there was no knowledge of the treatment. In Athens there was some visible experience. Weak newborns City Council decided mostly throwing the highest walls.

    Normally, a city with so many hejteri could not increase the population. Moreover, rather than treating perfected killing with poison. Xenophon and Plato described Sokratovoto Athens killing hemlock. It thick yellow liquid, made from herb, very fast he zdrvila feet, hardened tongue, blurred consciousness and yet Socrates clearly expressed their view that they are not afraid of death when it is conducted according to the judges by the law. Hippocratic oath obliges the doctor to not give poison. Macedonian laws protect the patient, the family and the people. Itinerant doctors everywhere stignuvale alone or with their assistants. Carried the bag with medicines and instruments. First settled hygienic conditions. Hot water, clean towels, ventilation, fire sterilization of instruments, everything was prepared. The principle was the same disease by country spread through the air, suppress fire goes out, and washed with water. Labor performed only a woman with experience. It is not considered a disease and not calling traveling doctors. Woman midwife until recently led domestic labor in the villages and taught young mothers how to strengthen along with birth. Nursing service has always existed. It is interesting that animals aid people priucheni experience, mostly shepherds. Imperial doctor becomes primarily lakraska family, the most learned, the most capable man who has proven he excelled among all physicians.

    Muses nereidite ordinary Macedonian mother make the connection between the gods and humans, giving birth to heroes and kings, richly endowed performing divine medicine, music and any sort of divine art through the reality that turns into a scholarship. Belief that kings were once gods are viewed through epovite Homer. Around in a circle Belomorskoto coast all the tribes run kings bozhevsko origin. Agamemnon, Achilles, Ulysses, Pericles, Paris, Alexander and Hector fought a decade-long battle over Troy Helen, sister Dioskurite Pleiades, and the stars in the sky close to the gods. Many mortal gods Zeus made immortal. Among them the most are the ones who healed gods themselves were doctors and healed his army or had their own imperial doctors accompanied. Mikencite Menelaj Agamemnon healed Maha Polidejron sons Asklepio. Pericles treating Achilles. Achilles has healed Mach.

    This carried the scar of the wound the royal doctors from Parnassus, in his grandfather's palaces zazdravile. Of ancient tribes makes the medicine itself. Same doctors treat various kings. Miencite not Ahajci. They smoothed Ahilejci with Macedonian origin Argives. Macedonian royal lineage of Arg spread Peloponnese. The new Arg continued Macedonian royal tradition, the longest held as monarchy in Sparta and Thebes.

    Macedonians in Athens Pella outlived them and in Achaia or Ахилеја. Therefore kings in the Iliad share the same royal physician.

    The origin of all of Mount Olympus is the same. Macedonian in Menelaj, Achilles, Odysseus, Hector Asteropej.

    Longevity of the first Macedonian kings due dobroprimenetata medicine after the royal house. Longevity royal physicians is even greater. Thus Hippocrates with his family healed Macedonian King Perdiccas II Archelaus I, Orestes, Europe, Pavzanie amino III.

    Amyntas III Although Hippocrates imperial doctors' were the ancestors of Aristotle medical family, his father Nicholas, grandfather Maha grandfather ...

    Back in ancient times these doctors and preceded Hippocratic medicine. Especially yard Aege Pella at the time of Archelaus before hundreds of years back to the first king of Macedonia. In four and a half thousand year long imperial continuity Macedonian science and medicine reaching mythological plays. There, among the first deities Apollo doctors and Asklepio are common roots of Macedonian medicine. Since then, every king you had the king's physician, medical school and medical practice.

    At the time of Philip and Alexander, in the IV-th Macedonian century, philosophical and medical schools are the most developed. A whole gang of top physicians healed the wounds of Philip II, and was even more gang imperial doctors in Alexander's entourage.

    Doctors from both heyday medical families Aristotle and Hippocrates expanded treatment of the wounded in the phalanx and the neighboring peoples of the state of the Macedonians. It is interesting to note that his son Alexander first izviduval early Philip and gave the best prognosis. - "No regrets Philippe for a leg wound, obdzrni successes battles will soon zbodnesh horse wins" teshel. Alexander did the phalanx. Personally and first izviduval early and recommended by treatment Thessalo Fillon and other doctors.

    Antipater and Cassander in Pella doctors inherited from Philip and Alexander to Philip V and Perseus.

    Macedonian medicine in Alexandria developed a system of Aristotle's writings physics. Haldojcite and magic of Babylon and Egypt, called Egypt, they have found a place in Alexandria bibilioteka despite Teofrast and Memnon, students of Aristotle. Their writings on herbs, medicines, treatment as pharmaceutical knowledge, medical knowledge сублимирале Mkedonija continued Macedonian tradition in schools and the royal doctors. In Alexandria, created a major medical school that collected doctors from various lands and islands. Herofil Hadlkedon Erasistrat studied heart and sensitive nerves Kleombarat Media 'were doctors Seleucus I in Antioch.

    Ptolemy treating Hrisip had its school and Philo Serapionov as Heraklid Tarent Apollonia Kitty, Ber who worked for Antiochus Soter in Babylon. For three hundred years Macedonian Ptolomejska dynasty in Alexandria promoted philosophy, medicine, astronomy and other sciences. Scientists from Sicily through Macedonia to Babylon and Egypt were educated in Alexandria. Philo of Larissa, Ptolemy Eurget Antioch heed to administer the Alexandrian library. They were: Teofrast Kalimah Eratosthenes Erigon Apoloder Zenodot Aristofon Aristarchus Kratet. Here were educated Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonia Pergamos Eadem Hilen Heron. Alexandria result many royal doctors were imperial doctors, and later in Rome and Alexandria.

    Cleopatra's royal physician was Apolodar and educator Nicholas.

    Mark Anthony, and before him and Cicero from 124 to 60 BC was accompanied doctor Asklepijad of Bithynia.

    Of the time of Nero, Trajan, Marcus Avrelis Commodus and other emperors, doctors received from Alexandria schools. That royal physicians Galen, Soren Dioklo and other doctors.

    Alexandria not only medicine, transferred names of the Roman gods, but it has changed the name of Apollo - the god of medicine. Alexandria Arts in Rome lingered program Dionysius which Varon and Mark Terencie taught to create Latin, which will remain as the continuance of the rich culture. Romans hygiene was not known to us, no pharmacy, no medicine. That little they received with Etruscans gushelo. Etruscans they saw the familiarity with Macedonia and through Alexandria voveduvale science, writing, Education.

    Soren from Ephesus is among the better known medical doctors that come out of the Alexandrian Macedonian and came to Rome during Hadrian and Trojan. Most practicing gynecological diseases although medicine requires a versatile degree for easy connection of the causes of disease.

    At the fifties arrived in Rome from Cilicia doctor Atenej. Later arrived from Cappadocia Aretej and applied books pneumata such as them left Hippocrates in his time.

    Rufus of Ephesus named names of body parts. Treating sick from kidney and strictly adhered to medical ethics.

    Pergamum known Asklepijad and Galen. Pergan formed as a Macedonian city of Alexander's generals, because medicine was applicable at Asklepijada as royal hospital. Claudia Galen (129-200 AD). Pergamum went to Alexandria improvement. Specialized surgery and was summoned to Rome as gladiatorial physician. There was much appreciated. Spread the medical science through lectures. Bill and itinerant doctor while Mark Avrelie appointed royal physician son Commodus. Not stand long, left Rome and returned to Pergamum. As the heir of Hippocrates wrote medical books collected 150 works. Best studied anatomy to be successful in surgery. Like Hippocrates believed that the best doctor is a philosopher devoted to medical ethics. As in philosophy, in history and in medicine most of the works have been lost, overwritten, modified, supplemented and emerging with newer authors. Galen died in 200, and long after it can not determine which of his original works and attributable, as in Hippocrates.

    In Rome, Pergamum appeared another doctor Onesandar (Alexander). Emperor Julian prompted Rome, from the writings of Hippocrates and Galen, to make the encyclopedia of medicine. Of the 72 there are the 32 books that are prescribed and used for centuries. Also aside from medical theory matter compiled 4 medical guidelines.

    Dioskurid records pharmacology made a textbook and manual medicine. After Memnon and Aristotle Teofrast upon request when made an inventory of all the herbs and remedies, this handbook long remained in use in the Roman Empire.

    We have to mention Philo in Rome who came to preach asceticism, spiritual purification, repentance and other principles later than ethics spend in Christianity. All these places in Bithynia, curry, Cilicia, Cappadocia, Ephesus, Pergamum, Alexandria at that time were English.

    I expanding State makedeonskata occupying countries fought armies accompanied medicine. Offenses committed, dedicated royal doctors and medicine to the people of that persists paganism, spells, curses and respect for the gods of the agricultural tradition. Macedonian schools from Pergamum, Alexandria and gave the islands a number of doctors. Neither one of them is from Athens nor Rome. Medicine served all east and west of Macedonia.

    East, from Armenia to Alexandria, some thousand years in the original have been preserved Aristotle's works and they will become subject to use medical needs. Especially of Aristotle's writings on the nature Arab philosophers and doctors assembled medical manuals, such as Rome did manuals Hipokratovite medical books.

    Avicenna Averaes and inserted Mojmonid link ancient Macedonian medicine, to move through Spain in medieval Europe. This medicine is also used to XIX century.

    CONCLUSION

    From the above it can be concluded that the medicine from the Balkans, particularly in Macedonia from the time of Ancient Macedonia was present and was studied, which is then spread on the rest of the world.

    We should not allow science and medicine to be subject to some political needs or their falsification of the Earth that we all can only be losers.

    Literature:

    First Marcus A. Macedonian ancient medicine Makform Skopje 2004, 123; 5-36 p.

    Second Marcus A. Macedonian ancient coins Makform Skopje 2009, 100; 40-45 p.

    Third Translation staroantichki (Tomovska-Mitrovska c.) Plato Kratil Magor Ltd-Skopje 2006; 127.33 to 34 p.

    4th Translation staroantichki (Buzalkovska Aleksoska M. Aristotle soul Magor Ltd-Skopje 2006, 121, 108-110.

    5th Marcus A. Aristotle Macedonians made Makform Skopje, 147, 67-71 p.

    6th Stefanoski B. SUMMARY history origin Armn Macedonia, Casa Gramosta Tetovo 2005, 110, 73-74 p.
    The Macedonians originates it, the Bulgarians imitate it and the Greeks exploit it!
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