The Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and The Carnegie Report (1914)

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  • George S.
    Senior Member
    • Aug 2009
    • 10116

    The Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and The Carnegie Report (1914)

    Organized persecution and massacre of the Macedonian Population in Kukush Region during the Second Balkan War



    By Dr. Ljubitsa Jancheva, INI Skopje, RM

    Translated and edited by Risto Stefov

    December 19, 2010



    Horror, suffering, destroyed cities, burned down villages and genocide are characteristics of every war.



    The Macedonian people, during the course of their long history, have experienced many wars, suffering, organized persecutions and massacres. At the beginning of the last century, during the First and especially during the Second Balkan War, the Greek army conducted organized persecutions and massacres against the Macedonian population in the southeastern part of Macedonia, particularly in the Kukush and Demir-Hisar Regions. The atrocities that took place in Kukush and the surrounding villages nearly a century ago, even today, leave us horrified. And that, in the mind of every normal person, pacifist by conviction or not, who has happened to learn about the fate of the people of Kukush, underscores in our minds the idea that such horrors must never be repeated again.



    Since the beginning of the Balkan Wars the Greek army grew in strength: it was numerically superior (with around 100,000 soldiers) compared to the Bulgarian army and morally stronger because it was led by the king, Constantine himself. This region at the time was under the influence of the Second Bulgarian Army under the command of General Ivanov. But after suffering a defeat at Lahna, Kukush and Dojran, the Bulgarian army retreated towards the River Struma and the Rodopi Mountains, thus leaving the Greek army to enter and occupy the unprotected space. And this is how the Greeks took the cities Kukush, Gevgelia, Dojran and Strumitsa and caused their destruction. (1)



    Upon its invasion of the region the Greek army perpetrated unbelievable massacres against the Macedonian population with the destruction and burning of the cities and villages. The Greek terror was so severe that it prompted an investigation from the Carnegie Endowment Inquiry for International Peace (2).



    After the Second Balkan War erupted, a Carnegie Balkan Commission was formed and dispatched to the war zone (3) to prepare a report detailing evidence of atrocities committed against the Macedonian population during the course of the two Balkan Wars. The testimony obtained, both written and oral, from witnesses is a primary source upon which this write-up is based.



    All in all the above mentioned characteristics of war can be summed up by words found in the Commission’s report: “war is not declared by those who carry it on. The armies are only instruments in the hands of governments…” This is why wars are so bloody and inflict great losses on the populations and destruction to the places where they are fought… (4)



    The purpose of military conflict, as stated further in the report, is “complete annihilation of the enemy population”. (5) The villages and cities are not only seized but in many cases they are destroyed. Their residents who had the misfortune of not having fled are driven out of their homes and their houses are burned to the ground. The pillaged and homeless population has no choice but to leave its birthplace and never return. This is one of the characteristics of the Balkan Wars. The Commission established that the population of the occupied lands “by tradition, instinct and by experience knows what to expect from the armies…and does not wait for them…” This means that for the armies to carry out the “extermination” as ordered, they would need to burn down all the buildings in the populated areas which would result in a massive exodus of the population. This was the case in Macedonia where around 50,000 people were driven out of their homes, 30,000 from the Aegean part of Macedonia now under Greek control. (6) Included among them was the population from the city Kukush and surrounding villages.



    On August 2nd, 1913 the Greek army burned down the city Kukush and destroyed 40 villages. (7) During this destruction the Greek army also bombed the orphanage, the school for orphans and the residence of the matrons who looked after the orphans. A building, which was clearly marked with three French flags so that it would not be destroyed, was bombed by the Greek soldiers in spite of the markings.



    They had achieved their aim to Hellenize this part of Macedonia. The life of Kukush, the city and its surrounding villages was extinguished. Conditions were created to eradicate the non-Greek population from this region; a region which explorers called the cradle of Macedonian renaissance. (8)



    The refugee testimony, at least of those who had a chance to be interviewed, was the same. They all saw with their own eyes how the Greek army, with successive bombings (9) burned down Kukush and the surrounding villages. They all said that while fleeing they saw many dead and dying bodies on the side of the road. Mothers abandoned their infant children in order to save the older ones. “My brother Stojan was a baby. My mother could not carry him so she left him beside the road under the leaves of a pumpkin plant. After we went to spend the night in a shelter my mother began to cry. She returned to the place where she left him. He was still alive… (10)



    In work clothes, some with sickles in their hands, separated from their families, the people fled in great numbers thus beginning the Golgotha northwards: over the hillside of Krusha Mountain, towards Demir-Hisar, in the Struma valley, in the Pirin part of Macedonia towards today’s Blagoevgrad and even to Sofia, their trek began at the end of July 1913 and ended on Krstovden (September 17) of the same year. (11) The refugees or the “Bezhaltsi” as they called themselves, were gathered in camps in the cities where they found themselves: Dupnitsa, Blagoevgrad, Sofia. (12) Members of the Carnegie Commission visited some of these camps to find out first hand the reason for their flight. Being among the refugees, without official translators they asked their questions: “Who are you?” “Where do you come from?” “For what reason did you leave?”



    “We came from twenty-six different villages. It took us twenty-five days to get here…”



    “Why?”



    “The Greeks threw us out…” To the question, “Where are you going and who is feeding you?” the commission received no answers because no one knew. (13) In the report regarding the expulsion of the population from the southeastern part of Macedonia, the Commission said the following: “…in the north and south actions taken for assimilation (of the non-Muslim population) are the same… the method of correcting is repeated in the eastern border of Macedonia. The only difference is that the method of assimilation and cleansing are carried on less humanely.” (13) The Commission, in an attempt to get some information as to why such a method was used, posed the following question to the Greek soldiers: “Is this truly ‘a human race’ these ‘Balkan’ Slavs?” By the testimony of the soldiers the answer was: “These are not ‘antropi’ (people), they are ‘arkudia’ (bears)”. (14)



    Similar testimonies are found in the letters sent in July 1913, by some Greek soldiers to their families. “…they gave me sixteen prisoners to take to the division but I only brought two; the rest were taken by darkness… What is happening now has never taken place after Jesus Christ - the Hellenic army has destroyed everything… there are orders: to burn the villages, to kill the youth…” (15)



    From this we can determine how nationalistic and chauvinistic politics can depersonalize people. Things done that should bring shame are viewed with pride and success. This is yet another confirmation of the kind of politics applied that has changed the demographic composition of Kukush Region. According to a census conducted in 1950 the Macedonian population was decimated and the vacant properties were occupied by settlers from eastern Thrace, the Caucasus and Asia Minor. During the Second Balkan War, for a certain number of villages as noted in the statistics, life was extinguished. (16)



    The largest part of the population driven from Kukush and the surrounding villages in 1913 settled in Strumitsa and in the surrounding villages, an area of villages which to this day is called “Beshanski Sela” (Refugee Villages). The part of the city where these people settled is called “Beshanska Maala” (Refugee Neighbourhood).



    My ancestors who were born in the village Postolar in Kukush Region, have settled in the village Ilovitsa in Strumitsa Region. My grandfather Ilija, who at age ten fled from Kukush, died at age 85 in Ilovitsa. The days of his worriless young life; in the yard, in front of the church, in the village square, in the Kukush valley, of which he often spoke, during harvest resembling a golden sea, have left him with deep feelings for his birthplace. Even though he spent the greater part of his life in Strumitsa, building a home and a family, he openly longed for Kukush and died with a single wish put into a question: “Will we someday return to Kukush?”



    From all this we can conclude that the Carnegie Commission Report, published nearly a century ago, is a good example of how we should not behave and is one of the most eloquent and powerful summons for the recognition of all the stupidities which every war carries, for the essence of International peace, and for securing a better International Regime in a Europe without borders.



    In the course of the Second Balkan War, the Macedonian people again, who knows how many times, were pawns of the chauvinistic aspirations of the Great Powers. The Macedonian population in southeast Macedonia was the object of this kind of action conducted by the Greek army.



    The focus of this write-up was the fate of the Macedonian population from Kukush Region after the assault and destruction of the city and about 40 surrounding villages, which took place on August 2nd, 1913 and thus commenced the refugee Golgotha and its resettling, predominantly in the southeastern part of Macedonia in “Bezhanska Maala”.



    Notes:



    (1) Dimitar Galev, Beliot teror vo jugoistochna Makedonija 1912-1941 godina, kniga prva, Drushtvo za nauka i umetnost, Shtip. 1991, 437.

    (2) Osnovana vo 1910 godina, imenuvana po amerikanskiot industrijalec Matju Karnegi.

    (3) Komisijata bila sostavena od sedum chlenovi: D-r Semjuel T. Daton (SAD), Frensis V. Hirst, d-r H.N. Brajlsford (Velika Britanija), d-r Valtershiking (Germanija), d-r Jozef Redlik (Avstro-Ungarija), prof. Pavel Miljukov (Rusija), Baron d Esturnel de Konstan, G. Zhisten Godar (Francija). Pretsedatelstvuvanjeto mu bilo dovereno nachlenot od Francija, baronot D'Esturnel de Konstan. Poraneshnite balkanski vojni (1912-1913), uzveshtaj na Karnegievata balkanska komisija, Kultura, Skopje, 2000, 12.

    (4) Poraneshnite balkanski...17.

    (5) Isto.

    (6) Todor Simovski, Naselenite mesta vo Egejska Makedonija (geografski, etnichki i stopanski karakteristiki), INI, Skopje, 1978, 12.

    (7) Igjilar, Aliodzhalar, Goliabashe, Salamanli, Ambar-kjoj, Karadzha-Kadar, Alchaklikj, Seslovo, Shikirlija, Irikli, Gramadna, Aleksovo, Morarci, Rochlevo, Motolevo, Planica (delumno), Nimanci, Posotlar, Jensko (Zhensko b.m.), Kuzhumarli, Biglirija, Kazanovo, Dragomirci, Gavalanci, Krecovo, Mihajlovo, Kalinovo, Cigunci, Harsovo, Novoselani (delumno), Malovci, Vragoturci, Garbachel, Hajdrali, Dautli, Chtemnica, Rajahovo (delumno), i Gola. Poraneshnite balkanski...361.

    (8) Nikulcite na makedonskata prerodba vo kukushko se pojavile vo 60-te godini na 19 vek a se manifestirale glavno niz borbata protiv Patrijarshijata i fanariotskoto sveshtenstvo, shto vo isto vreme znachela i borba za voveduvanje na narodniot jazik vo crkvite i uchilishtata. Dokaz za toa e pokanata na kukushanite do Dimitar Miladinov vo koja go povikuvaat da uchitelstvuva vo nivniot grad. Miladinov vo Kukush uchitelstvuval vo periodot 1840-1842 godina. Negova zasluga e budenjeto na nacionalnite chuvstva kaj naselenieto. Gi prevel molitvite koi najchesto se upotrebuvale od grchki na naroden jazik. Dimitar Miladinov vo 1857 godina po vtor pat bil povikan da uchitelstvuva vo Kukush, zaedno so Rajko Zhinzifov. Nivnata dejnost go napravila Kukush centar za nacionalnata prerodba vo Makedonija. Vo toj kontekst, treba da se spomne i dejnosta na vladikata Partenija Zografski, naznachen za vladika na Kukush vo 1859 godina, koj osven za demokratizacija na crkvata i voveduvanje na slovenski jazik vo bogosluzhbata, se zalagal i za izveduvanje na nastava na naroden jazik, otvaranje na novi uchilishta i sl. Prerodbenskata dejnost vo ovoj kraj ja prodolzhil i Kuzman Shapkarev, koj vo 1865 godina bil naznachen za uchitel Vo Kukush. Ne sluchajno Shapkarev dodeka uchitelstvuval vo Kukush se odluchil svoite uchebnici da gi napishe na narechje razbirlivo za tamoshnoto naselenie. Kosta Peev, Kukush -grad so zgroben makedonski zdiv, Etnichkite promeni vo Egejska Makedonija vo XX vek, Zdruzhenie na decata-begalci od Egejskiot del na Makedonija, Skopje, 2001, 154-156.

    (9) Vsushnost stanuva zbor za granati koi po eksplodiranjeto predizvikuvaat pozhar na mestata kade shto kje padnat. Ova ja potvrduva celta na grchkite vojski, ne samo da go razrushat gradot Kukush tuku i da go zapalat.

    (10)Dedo Stojan, bratot na mojata baba Elena dozhivea dlaboka starost. Imashe govorna mana. Spored kazhuvanjata na baba mi toa mu bilo posledica od prekumernoto plachenje denta koga bil ostaven pokraj patot. Sekjavanje na Elena Dimova od s. Ilovica. (sopstvenost na avtorot).

    (11) Sekjavanja na Ilija Dimov od s. Ilovica. (sopstvenost na avtorot)

    (12)Kosta Peev, Kukush-grad so zgroben Makedonski zdiv, Etnichkite promeni vo Egejska Makedonija vo XX vek, Zdruzhenie na decata-begalci od Egejskiot del na Makedonija, Skopje, 2001, 158.

    (13) Poraneshnite Balkanski...187.

    (14) Poraneshnite Balkanski... 224.

    (15) Istoto.

    (16) Kosta Peev, Genocidot vo Kukush i Kukushko vo Vtorata Balkanska Vojna, Nova Makedonija, 24 April-5 Maj 1991, Skopje, 1991.



    Other articles by Risto Stefov:









    Free electronic books by Risto Stefov available at:







    Our Name is Macedonia








    Doc. d-r Qubica Jan~eva

    INI, Skopje, RM



    POGROMOT NA MAKEDONSKOTO NASELENIE OD KUKU[KO VO TEKOT NA VTORATA BALKANSKA VOJNA



    U`asi, stradawa, razurnati gradovi, sela, genocid, se karakteristikite na sekoja vojna.

    Makedonskiot narod vo tekot na svojata vekovna istorija pominal niz mnogu vojni, stradawa, progonstva. Na po~etokot na minatiot vek, vo tekot na Prvata, a osobeno Vtorata balkanska vojna, od strana na gr~kite vojski bil izvr{en pogrom na naselenieto od jugoisto~niot del na Makedonija, posebno vo Kuku{ko i Demirhisarsko. Ona {to pred bez malku eden vek go do`iveale `itelite na Kuku{ i Kuku{ko i denes ne ostava bez zdiv. I ona {to niz umot na sekoj normalen ~ovek, pacifist po ubeduvawe provejuva ~itajki za sudbinata na kuku{anite e konstatacijata da ne se povtori.

    U{te od po~etokot na vojnata, gr~kata armija nasproti bugarskata, bila vo podem: broj~ano bila posilna (okolu 100.000 vojnici) i moralno pojaka poradi faktot {to so armijata komanduval kralot Konstantin. Vo ovoj region dejstvuvala Vtorata bugarska armija, komanduvana od generalot Ivanov. Posle pretrpenite porazi kaj Lahna, Kuku{ i Dojran, taa se povlekla vo pravec na rekata Struma i Rodopite. Pred gr~kata vojska ostanal neobezbeden prostor za prodor i zavladuvawe, odnosno uni{tuvawe. Taka bile zazemeni gradovite Kuku{, Gevgelija, Dojran i Strumica.[1] Gr~kite vojski izvr{ile neviden masakr nad naselenieto a golem del od gradovite i neselenite mesta bile zapaleni. Gr~kiot teror vo ovoj del od Makedonija bil zabele`an i od me|unarodniot faktor.

    Karnegievata fondacija za me|unaroden mir[2] po izbuvnuvaweto na Vtorata balkanska vojna, formirala Karnegieva balkanska komisija,[3] koja podgotvila izve{tai vo koi bile evidentirani site zlostorstva napraveni nad makedonskoto naselenie vo tekot na dvete vojni.

    Izve{taite podgotveni od komisijata, pismenite i audio svedo{tvata se primarnite izvori na koi koncepciski e baziran ovoj prilog.

    Pogore navedenite karakteristiki za vojnata vo celost se poklopuvaat so delot od izve{tajot na komisijata vo koj stoi konstatacijata: vojnata ja vodat ne samo vojskite tuku i samite nacii...ete zo{to tie se tolku krvavi, zo{to predizvikuvaat tolku golemi zagubi vo lu|e i zavr{uvaat so uni{tuvawe na naselenieto i razurnuvawe na celi regioni...[4] Celta na voeniot sudir, se veli ponatamu vo izve{tajot e celosno istrebuvawe na neprijatelskoto naselenie.[5] Selata i gradovite ne se samo zazemani tuku vo najgolem broj slu~ai i uni{tuvani. @itelite koi seu{te ne bile izbegani, bile istaruvani od domovite a ku}ite im bile zapaluvani. Ograbenoto i obezdomeno naselenie gi napu{tilo svoite rodni ogni{ta vo nepovrat. Ova e edna od karakteristikite na balkanskite vojni. Komisijata konstatirala deka naselenieto na zemjite koi }e bidat okupirani po tradicija, instinkt i od iskustvo znaelo {to go o~ekuva od vojskite...ne gi ~ekalo tuku begalo.... Ova prakti~no zna~elo deka vojskite za da ja izvr{at naredbata za "istrebuvawe" gi palele naselenite mesta.

    Se slu~ila masovna preselba na naselenieto, epilog od ovie nastani bile okolu 50.000 raseleni Makedonci od koi 30.000 od egejskiot del na Makedonija.[6]

    Naselenieto od gradot Kuku{ i selata ja do`ivealo sudbinata od gorenavedeniot citat. Imeno, gr~kite vojski na 20 juli 1913 godina (star stil) zapalile i uni{tile okolu 40 sela, go i zapalile gradot Kuku{.[7] Cel na nemilosrdnoto bombardirawe na gradot bil i domot i u~ili{teto za siraci i bedni u~enici na milosrdnite sestri. Ovoj dom slu~ajno bil izbegnat da ne bide zapalen iako na nego se veele tri francuski znamiwa, koi gr~kite vojski gi gledale, sepak granatirale kon nego.

    Celta bila postignata. Zgasnal `ivotot vo Kuku{ i okolijata, sozdadeni bile uslovi ovaa negr~ka oblast, koja nekoi istra`uva~i ja narekuvaat kolepka na makedonskata prerodba[8], da se elinizira.

    Svedo{tvata na be`ancite, onie koi imavme mo`nost da gi intervjuirame se identi~ni. Site so svoi o~i gladale kako gr~kite vojski, so fugasni bombi[9] go zapalile Kuku{ i okolnite sela. Site ka`uvaat deka na nivniot pat vo neizvesnosta bile svedoci na mrtvi i polumrtvi trupovi pokraj patot. Ona {to otskoknuva od ramkite na realniot `ivot se svedo{tvata deka majkite, vo obid da gi spasat svoite postari deca, go `rtvuvale najmaloto ostavajki go pokraj patot. -Mojot brat Stojan, be{e bebe. Majka mi ne mo`e{e da go nosi, go ostavi pokraj patot pod lisjata na edna tikva. Koga prikve~er se zasolnavme vo eden dol, da preno}evame, majka mi po~na da pla~e. Se vrati nazad do mestoto kade {to go ostavi brat mi. Toj be{e `iv...[10]

    Vo rabotni ali{ta, nekoi duri i so srpovi vo racete, razdeleni od semejstvata, vo golemi zbegovi naselenieto ja zapo~nalo svojata neizvesna golgota kon sever: po padinite na Kru{a planina, kon Demir Hisar, po dolinata na Struma, vo pirinskiot del na Makedonija kon dene{en Blagoevgrad, duri do Sfija, od sredinata na juli 1913 do Krstovden (27 septemvri).[11] Begalcite, ili kako {to tie sebe si se narekuvaat be`ancite, bile prifa}ani vo prifatili{ta-logori po gradovite kade {to pominuvale: Dupnica, Blagoevgrad, Sofija.[12] ^lenovite na Karnegievata komisija posetile del od tie logori so namera od ustata na begalcite da ja slu{nat pri~inata za begstvoto. Sred begalcite, bez oficijalen preveduva~ otpo~nale razgovor:

    -Koi ste vie? -Od kade doa|ate?-Poradi {to ste zaminale?

    -Dojdovme od dvaeset i {est razli~ni sela. Celi dvaeset i pet dena pominaa dodeka dojdovme do tuka...

    -Zo{to?

    -Grcite ne nateraa... Na pra{aweto -Kade odite, koj ve hrani? ^lenot na komisijata ne dobil odgovor, nikoj ne znael.[13] Pri podgotvkata na izve{tajot, vo vrska so raseluvaweto na naselenieto od jugoisto~na Makedonija, komisijata ja navela slednata konstatacija: ...Na sever i jug postapkata za asimilacija (na ne muslimanskoto naselenie b.m.) e ista...metodot na istrabuvawe se povtoruva i na isto~nata granica na Makedonija. Edinstvenata razlika e {to metodot na asimilacija i na istrebuvawe se vr{at so pomalo ~ove~ko ~uvstvo.[14] Komisijata, vo obid da dade objasnuvawe za primenata na vakvite metodi si go postavila slednoto pra{awe: Dali e navistina "~ove~ka rasa" ovoj "valkan" (sale) Sloven? Odgovorot ime se nametnal od svedo{tvata sobrani sred vojnicite: Tie ne se antropi, tie se arkudi (me~ki).[15]

    Sli~ni vsedo{tva se zabele`ani i vo pismata na nekoi vojnici do svoite najbliski pi{uvani vo tekot na mesec juli 1913 godina. ...Mi dadoa 16 zarobenici da gi predadadm na divizijata, a jas dovedov samo dvajca; drugite gi izede temnicata...Toa {to sega se lu~uva ne stanalo nikoga{ po Isus Hristos-elinskata armija uni{tuva se...Takva e naredbata: da gi gorime selata, da gi ubivame mladite...[16] Od ova zaklu~uvame kolku nacional-{ovinisti~kata politika gi obezli~uva lu|eto. Toa {to treba da pretstavuva sram se tretira kako gordost, uspeh. U{ta edna potvrda za vakvata politika e izmenetiot demografski sostav na Kuku{kata okolija. Spored podatocite od popisot na naselenieto izvr{en vo 1950 godina brojot na makedonskoto naselenie bil desetkuvan, napu{tenite imoti se neseleni so doselenici od Isto~na Trakija, Kavkaz i Mala Azija. Za izvesen broj sela vo statistikite e zabele`ano deka po Vtorata balkanska vojna `ivotot tamu zgasnal.[17]

    Najgolem del od raselenoto naselenie od Kuku{kata okolija, se naselile vo Strumica i Strumi~ko. Sred mesnoto naselenie tie sela i denes se narekuvaat be{anski sela, a vo gradot postoi be`ansko maalo. Moite predci, koi se rodum od kuku{koto selo Postolar se naselile vo strumi~koto selo Ilovica. Mojot dedo Ilija, koj Kuku{ go napu~til kako desetgodi{no mom~e, po~ina vo Ilovica vo svojata 85 godina od `ivotot. Denovite na negovata bezgri`na detska igra: vo dvorot, pred crkva, na sred selo, po kuku{koto pole, za koe vele{e deka vo denovite na `etvata nalikuvalo na zlatno more, ostavija dlaboka traga kaj nego. Iako pogolemiot del od svojot `ivot go pomina vo strumi~ko, sozdade imot, semejstvo... otvoreno kopnee{e po Kuku{ i umre so edna `elba iska`ana kako pra{awe: ]e {i oojme li nekuj p't za Kuku{?

    Od seto ova zaklu~uvame: Izve{tajot na Karnegievata komisija, sostaven pred bez malku eden vek e relevanten primer kako ne treba da se odnesuvame i e eden od najelokventnite i najsilni povici za priznavawe na site gluposti {to so sebe gi nosi sekoja vojna, za su{tinata na me|unarodniot mir, kako i za izgradbata na podobar me|unaroden poredok vo Evropa bez granici.

    Vo tekot na Vtorata balkanska vojna makedonskiot narod u{te edna{, po kojznae koj pat, be{e meta na {ovinisti~ki golemodr`avni aspiracii. Makedonskoto naselenie od Jugoisto~na Makedonija be{e cel na vakvite dejstvija sprovedeni od gr~kata vojska. Fokusot na na{eto obrazlagawe e sudbinata na makedonskoto naselenie od Kuku{ko po napadot i opo`aruvaweto na gradot i na okolu 40 sela, na 20 juni 1913 godina (star stil) odnosno 2 avgust 1913 godina (nov stil). Be`anskata golgota kako i naseluvaweto, prete`no vo jugoisto~niot del od Makedonija vo t.n. be`anski maala.



    Pogromot na makedonskoto naselenie od Kuku{ko vo tekot na Vtorata balkanska vojna



    U`asi, stradawa, razurnati gradovi, sela, genocid, se karakteristikite na sekoja vojna.

    Makedonskiot narod vo tekot na svojata vekovna istorija pominal niz mnogu vojni, stradawa, progonstva. Na po~etokot na minatiot vek, vo tekot na Prvata, a osobeno Vtorata balkanska vojna, od strana na gr~kite vojski bil izvr{en pogrom na naselenieto od jugoisto~niot del na Makedonija, posebno vo Kuku{ko i Demirhisarsko. Ona {to pred bez malku eden vek go do`iveale `itelite na Kuku{ i Kuku{ko i denes ne ostava bez zdiv. I ona {to niz umot na sekoj normalen ~ovek, pacifist po ubeduvawe provejuva ~itajki za sudbinata na kuku{anite e konstatacijata da ne se povtori.

    So takva namera Karnegievata fondacija za me|unaroden mir[18] po izbuvnuvaweto na Vtorata balkanska vojna, ja formirala Karnegievata balkanska komisija.[19]

    Izve{taite podgotveni od komisijata, pismenite i audio svedo{tvata se primarnite izvori na koi koncepciski e baziran ovoj prilog.

    Pogore navedenite karakteristiki za vojnata vo celost se poklopuvaat so delot od izve{tajot na komisijata vo koj stoi konstatacijata: vojnata ja vodat ne samo vojskite tuku i samite nacii...ete zo{to tie se tolku krvavi, zo{to predizvikuvaat tolku golemi zagubi vo lu|e i zavr{uvaat so uni{tuvawe na naselenieto i razurnuvawe na celi regioni...[20] Celta na voeniot sudir, se veli ponatamu vo izve{tajot e celosno istrebuvawe na neprijatelskoto naselenie.[21] Selata i gradovite ne se samo zazemani















    Vo tekot na Vtorata balkanska vojna makedonskiot narod u{te edna{, po kojznae koj pat, be{e meta na {ovinisti~ki golemodr`avni aspiracii. Makedonskoto naselenie od Jugoisto~na Makedonija be{e cel na vakvite dejstvija sprovedeni od gr~kata vojska. Fokusot na na{eto obrazlagawe e sudbinata na makedonskoto naselenie od Kuku{ko po napadot i opo`aruvaweto na gradot i na okolu 40 sela, na 20 juni 1913 godina (star stil) odnosno 2 avgust 1913 godina (nov stil). Be`anskata golgota kako i naseluvaweto, prete`no vo jugoisto~niot del od Makedonija vo t.n. be`anski maala.










    [1] Dimitar Galev, Beliot teror vo jugoisto~na Makedonija 1912-1941 godina, kniga prva, Dru{tvo za nauka i umetnost, [tip. 1991, 437.

    [2] Osnovana vo 1910 godina, imenuvana po amerikanskiot industrijalec Matju Karnegi.

    [3] Komisijata bila sostavena od sedum ~lenovi: D-r Semjuel T. Daton (SAD), Frensis V. Hirst, d-r H.N. Brajlsford (Velika Britanija), d-r Valter [iking (Germanija), d-r Jozef Redlik (Avstro-Ungarija), prof. Pavel Miljukov (Rusija), Baron d Esturnel de Konstan, G. @isten Godar (Francija). Pretsedatelstvuvaweto mu bilo dovereno na ~lenot od Francija, baronot D'Esturnel de Konstan. Porane{nite balkanski vojni (1912-1913), uzve{taj na Karnegievata balkanska komisija, Kultura, Skopje, 2000, 12.

    [4] Porane{nite balkanski...17.

    [5] Isto.

    [6] Todor Simovski, Naselenite mesta vo Egejska Makedonija (geografski, etni~ki i stopanski karakteristiki), INI, Skopje, 1978, 12.

    [7] I|ilar, Alioxalar, Goliaba{e, Salamanli, Ambar-]oj, Karaxa-Kadar, Al~akli{, Seslovo, [ikirlija, Irikli, Gramadna, Aleksovo, Morarci, Ro~levo, Motolevo, Planica (delumno), Nimanci, Posotlar, Jensko (@ensko b.m.), Ku`umarli, Biglirija, Kazanovo, Dragomirci, Gavalanci, Krecovo, Mihajlovo, Kalinovo, Cigunci, Harsovo, Novoselani (delumno), Malovci, Vragoturci, Garba~el, Hajdrali, Dautli, ^temnica, Rajahovo (delumno), i Gola. Porane{nite balkanski...361.

    [8] Nikulcite na makedonskata prerodba vo kuku{ko se pojavile vo 60-te godini na 19 vek a se manifestirale glavno niz borbata protiv Patrijar{ijata i fanariotskoto sve{tenstvo, {to vo isto vreme zna~ela i borba za voveduvawe na narodniot jazik vo crkvite i u~ili{tata. Dokaz za toa e pokanata na kuku{anite do Dimitar Miladinov vo koja go povikuvaat da u~itelstvuva vo nivniot grad. Miladinov vo Kuku{ u~itelstvuval vo periodot 1840-1842 godina. Negova zasluga e budeweto na nacionalnite ~uvstva kaj naselenieto. Gi prevel molitvite koi naj~esto se upotrebuvale od gr~ki na naroden jazik. Dimitar Miladinov vo 1857 godina po vtor pat bil povikan da u~itelstvuva vo Kuku{, zaedno so Rajko @inzifov. Nivnata dejnost go napravila Kuku{ centar za nacionalnata prerodba vo Makedonija. Vo toj kontekst, treba da se spomne i dejnosta na vladikata Partenija Zografski, nazna~en za vladika na Kuku{ vo 1859 godina, koj osven za demokratizacija na crkvata i voveduvawe na slovenski jazik vo bogoslu`bata, se zalagal i za izveduvawe na nastava na naroden jazik, otvarawe na novi u~ili{ta i sl. Prerodbenskata dejnost vo ovoj kraj ja prodol`il i Kuzman [apkarev, koj vo 1865 godina bil nazna~en za u~itel Vo Kuku{. Ne slu~ajno [apkarev dodeka u~itelstvuval vo Kuku{ se odlu~il svoite u~ebnici da gi napi{e na nare~je razbirlivo za tamo{noto naselenie. Kosta Peev, Kuku{ -grad so zgroben makedonski zdiv, Etni~kite promeni vo Egejska Makedonija vo XX vek, Zdru`enie na decata-begalci od Egejskiot del na Makedonija, Skopje, 2001, 154-156.

    [9] Vsu{nost stanuva zbor za granati koi po eksplodiraweto predizvikuvaat po`ar na mestata kade {to }e padnat. Ova ja potvrduva celta na gr~kite vojski, ne samo da go razru{at gradot Kuku{ tuku i da go zapalat.

    [10] Dedo Stojan, bratot na mojata baba Elena do`ivea dlaboka starost. Ima{e govorna mana. Spored ka`uvawata na baba mi toa mu bilo posledica od prekumernoto pla~ewe denta koga bil ostaven pokraj patot. Se}avawe na Elena Dimova od s. Ilovica. (sopstvenost na avtorot).

    [11] Se}avawa na Ilija Dimov od s. Ilovica. (sopstvenost na avtorot)

    [12] Kosta Peev, Kuku{-grad so zgroben makedonski zdiv, Etni~kite promeni vo Egejska Makedonija vo XX vek, Zdru`enie na decata-begalci od Egejskiot del na Makedonija, Skopje, 2001, 158.

    [13] Porane{nite balkanski...187.

    [14] Porane{nite balkanski... 224.

    [15] Istoto.

    [16] Kosta Peev, Genocidot vo Kuku{ i Kuku{ko vo Vtorata balkanska vojna, Nova Makedonija, 24 april-5 maj 1991, Skopje, 1991.

    [17] Todor Smovski, citirano delo, 298-378.

    [18] Osnovana vo 1910 godina, imenuvana po amerikanskiot industrijalec Matju Karnegi.

    [19] Komisijata bila sostavena od sedum ~lenovi: D-r Semjuel T. Daton (SAD), Frensis V. Hirst, d-r H.N. Brajlsford (Velika Britanija), d-r Valter [iking (Germanija), d-r Jozef Redlik (Avstro-Ungarija), prof. Pavel Miljukov (Rusija), Baron d Esturnel de Konstan, G. @isten Godar (Francija). Pretsedatelstvuvaweto mu bilo dovereno na ~lenot od Francija, baronot D'Esturnel de Konstan. Porane{nite balkanski vojni (1912-1913), uzve{taj na Karnegievata balkanska komisija, Kultura, Skopje, 2000, 12.

    [20] Porane{nite balkanski...17.
    "Ido not want an uprising of people that would leave me at the first failure, I want revolution with citizens able to bear all the temptations to a prolonged struggle, what, because of the fierce political conditions, will be our guide or cattle to the slaughterhouse"
    GOTSE DELCEV
  • Pelister
    Senior Member
    • Sep 2008
    • 2742

    #2
    I don't know what to say to this.

    Greek testomonies of ordered atrocities against Macedonians.


    Similar testimonies are found in the letters sent in July 1913, by some Greek soldiers to their families. “…they gave me sixteen prisoners to take to the division but I only brought two; the rest were taken by darkness… What is happening now has never taken place after Jesus Christ - the Hellenic army has destroyed everything… there are orders: to burn the villages, to kill the youth…” (15)

    Comment

    • George S.
      Senior Member
      • Aug 2009
      • 10116

      #3
      there's letters as evidence around that offer testimony to the dirty deeds done to macedonians.Shocking attrocities eyes pulled out of sockets with forks while people were still alive.etc
      "Ido not want an uprising of people that would leave me at the first failure, I want revolution with citizens able to bear all the temptations to a prolonged struggle, what, because of the fierce political conditions, will be our guide or cattle to the slaughterhouse"
      GOTSE DELCEV

      Comment

      • makedonche
        Senior Member
        • Oct 2008
        • 3242

        #4
        Originally posted by Pelister View Post
        I don't know what to say to this.

        Greek testomonies of ordered atrocities against Macedonians.
        Pellister
        I know how you must feel, however this is our history and needs to be documented and recorded for all generations to see!

        PS
        Before too many older people die without telling their stories!
        On Delchev's sarcophagus you can read the following inscription: "We swear the future generations to bury these sacred bones in the capital of Independent Macedonia. August 1923 Illinden"

        Comment

        • Pelister
          Senior Member
          • Sep 2008
          • 2742

          #5
          Originally posted by makedonche View Post
          Pellister
          I know how you must feel, however this is our history and needs to be documented and recorded for all generations to see!

          PS
          Before too many older people die without telling their stories!
          Its just that the older people have talked about it, but actually seeing the testimonies and evidence of atrocities, is important because if confirms everything they have told me.

          Comment

          • makedonche
            Senior Member
            • Oct 2008
            • 3242

            #6
            Originally posted by Pelister View Post
            Its just that the older people have talked about it, but actually seeing the testimonies and evidence of atrocities, is important because if confirms everything they have told me.
            TM
            Very true! I have had enormous difficulty in trying to get oldies here in Sth Oz to tell their stories, I get a great deal of fear from them as if it is too painful to remember, or they are trying to protect us from the impact of the evil that was done to them. Nonetheless I will persevere and try to gather as much evidence as I can - my only wish is for more hours in the day!
            On Delchev's sarcophagus you can read the following inscription: "We swear the future generations to bury these sacred bones in the capital of Independent Macedonia. August 1923 Illinden"

            Comment

            • George S.
              Senior Member
              • Aug 2009
              • 10116

              #7
              you know the oldies tell their stories so vividly that it's not doubted as the lived their lives.
              "Ido not want an uprising of people that would leave me at the first failure, I want revolution with citizens able to bear all the temptations to a prolonged struggle, what, because of the fierce political conditions, will be our guide or cattle to the slaughterhouse"
              GOTSE DELCEV

              Comment

              • Makedonetz
                Senior Member
                • Apr 2010
                • 1080

                #8
                Story's like this must be saved and remembered of our history.

                Makedoncite se borat
                za svoite pravdini!

                "The one who works for joining of Macedonia to Bulgaria,Greece or Serbia can consider himself as a good Bulgarian, Greek or Serb, but not a good Macedonian"
                - Goce Delchev

                Comment

                • Makedonska_Kafana
                  Senior Member
                  • Aug 2010
                  • 2642

                  #9
                  Originally posted by Makedonetz View Post
                  Story's like this must be saved and remembered of our history.

                  Can you explain why?
                  http://www.makedonskakafana.com

                  Macedonia for the Macedonians

                  Comment

                  • Makedonetz
                    Senior Member
                    • Apr 2010
                    • 1080

                    #10
                    The video it explains the hardship our parents went through during that period.
                    Makedoncite se borat
                    za svoite pravdini!

                    "The one who works for joining of Macedonia to Bulgaria,Greece or Serbia can consider himself as a good Bulgarian, Greek or Serb, but not a good Macedonian"
                    - Goce Delchev

                    Comment

                    • Makedonska_Kafana
                      Senior Member
                      • Aug 2010
                      • 2642

                      #11
                      Originally posted by Makedonetz View Post
                      The video it explains the hardship our parents went through during that period.
                      Really? Most peoples parents on this forum where never forced to leave their homeland Macedonia. Where did your folks go 1946-49? Maybe they stayed in Greece then came to Canada?
                      Last edited by Makedonska_Kafana; 12-21-2010, 07:31 PM.
                      http://www.makedonskakafana.com

                      Macedonia for the Macedonians

                      Comment

                      • Makedonetz
                        Senior Member
                        • Apr 2010
                        • 1080

                        #12
                        Originally posted by Makedonska_Kafana View Post
                        Really? Most peoples parents on this forum where never forced to leave their homeland Macedonia. Where did your folks go 1946-49? Maybe they stayed in Greece then came to Canada?
                        bravo
                        Come on bratko are you just stupid or playing dumb? you denying this guy wasnt taken from his villiage during the civil war? bravo you are a greek thinker
                        Makedoncite se borat
                        za svoite pravdini!

                        "The one who works for joining of Macedonia to Bulgaria,Greece or Serbia can consider himself as a good Bulgarian, Greek or Serb, but not a good Macedonian"
                        - Goce Delchev

                        Comment

                        • Makedonska_Kafana
                          Senior Member
                          • Aug 2010
                          • 2642

                          #13
                          Originally posted by Makedonetz View Post
                          bravo
                          Come on bratko are you just stupid or playing dumb? you denying this guy wasnt taken from his villiage during the civil war? bravo you are a greek thinker
                          I know he's not lying it's you that I have a problem with young fella and the organization you support. Stick to school!!
                          http://www.makedonskakafana.com

                          Macedonia for the Macedonians

                          Comment

                          • Makedonetz
                            Senior Member
                            • Apr 2010
                            • 1080

                            #14
                            Stop harrasing me PLEASE!
                            Makedoncite se borat
                            za svoite pravdini!

                            "The one who works for joining of Macedonia to Bulgaria,Greece or Serbia can consider himself as a good Bulgarian, Greek or Serb, but not a good Macedonian"
                            - Goce Delchev

                            Comment

                            • makedonche
                              Senior Member
                              • Oct 2008
                              • 3242

                              #15
                              Makedonetz & MK

                              Dosta ve molum, za zhal se yadime pret sveto tooka, ke nie se smeat dushmani te so nas.
                              On Delchev's sarcophagus you can read the following inscription: "We swear the future generations to bury these sacred bones in the capital of Independent Macedonia. August 1923 Illinden"

                              Comment

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